sri krishna , parvati (sakthi)

Kartikeya
Goddess Parvati is the wife of Lord Ishwara. She has several names, each with a special significance. Since Ishwara or Shiva is also called 'Bhava' his wife is known as 'Bhavani.' She is 'Parvati', being the daughter of the king of mountains, Parvataraja. With the same connotation she has two other names - 'Girija' and 'Shailaja'. As she I the source of all good things to all those who have faith and follow the path of virtue, she is 'Sarvamangala.'Since her childhood days she was a devotee of Lord Shiva. She would constantly engage herself in meditation and worship of Shiva, without even changing the posture. So her mother Mena would out of exasperation say "Parvati, don't do this tapas (meditation)." In Sanskrit ‘u’ is a word of address and 'ma' means 'don't' or 'not wanted’ Hence she got the name 'Uma'.
After she grew up, she perforrmed a severe penance in the forest with the purpose of securing Lord Shiva as her husband. Much moved by the hardship endured by her tender body, Mena frequently went near her fondly calling her "Uma", Uma." Who would not be thrilled by the story of the life of Parvati who, though born human, became, through hard penance the consort of Shiva and became Mahadevi, the great goddess?
Affection for and obedience to the elders, loyalty to tradition, determination steady devotion to Shiva, kindness towards those in trouble, perseverant effort till the completion of a good deed-these are the traits Parvati had. Her story is narrated in Sanskrit by Vyasa in the Shiva purana. The great poet Kalidasa has narrated it in the poem Kumara-Sambhava. The Kannada poet Harihara has dealt with the story in Girija-Kalyana, a mixture of verse and prose.Parvataraja -Mena To the north of Bharata, there is the Himalayan mountain-range. It is the highest in the world and occupies thousands of miles from east to west. From ancient times it has been a choice abode for the meditation of the sages. Baratiyas believe that it is the pleasure- haunt of the higher order of beings like the angels, the Gandharvas, the Yakshas and the Kinnaras. It is the home of different types of precious stones and rare plants like Jyotirmati which gives light. For thousands of years it has been believed that Lord Shiva’s realm of Kailasa is also there. In the plains below the Himalayas there flows the river Ganga with its clear and holy waters. It is lined on both sides with the hermitages of sages. Nearby was the hallowed town of Oushadhiprastha ruled by king Parvataraja. Being the chief of all the Himalayas, he was called 'Himavantha’. He was a devotee of Shiva. With great respect for good men, saints and sages, he looked after Ns people justly and virtuously. He was also called Giriraja and Shailaraja. His wife was Menadevi. She was truthful and calm, devoted to her husband. After a while, they had a son by name Mainaka. Desire For A Daughter Later Menadevi developed a great desire to have a daughter - a daughter with beauty and character, knowledge and wisdom. It was her ambition to have a daughter who would be Lord Shiva's wife. With that as her aim she decided to undertake a penance to please Shiva's wife,Gowridevi. Giriraja was himself a devotee of Shiva. So, getting his consent for her penance was not so difficult for Mena. Having obtained his permission, she went to a serene spot. There she performed her meditation with severe concentration and obtained the favour of Dakshayani who stood before Mena and promised that she would be born as daughter to her. Soon afterwards Mena became pregnant. On an auspicious day she gave birth to a female child. It was just as she had wanted. There was a shower of flowers. A cool, fragrant breeze spreading delight all around. Various instruments gave out music and musicians tune up festive songs. Giriraja gave gifts to everybody; his mind was overjoyed and his hands were tired. The Wonder Child
Though a couple of days elapsed after the birth of the child, it would not open its eyes or mouth. The baby did not even suck milk. Everyone, was worried as to what should be done. Then, as advised by the family preceptor sage Gargamuni, Parvataraja had an idol of Shiva brought to the child and got the eyes opened with some treatment. The baby opened its eyes and folded its hands in salutation to the Lord. Butter which had been offered to Shiva was put into the child's mouth and the baby ate it. Then it began to suck milk from the mother's breast. Everyone was struck with wonder at this devotion to Shiva noticeable so early in the child. People thought that she would definitely win the favour of Shiva later.
The naming ceremony for the baby was a grand occasion. She was given the name 'Parvati.' As the days and months passed, the first sound she uttered was the name of Lord Shiva. The infant closed her eyes frequently as if she felt the presence of Shiva in her mind. By herself she often laughed, and showed joy and delight. When she grew up further, she showed great interest in playing with a ball or in the game of worshipping Shiva on the sandy banks of the river Ganga.
In her previous incarnation she was famous as Dakshayani, the daughter of Daksha. She was the wife of Lord Shiva.
She then went to attend a great sacrifice being performed by her father. There the proud Daksha in the full assembly spoke insultingly of Shiva. He insulted even Shiva's wife that is Dakshayani Unable to bear that sacrilege, she jumped into the sacrificial fire, offering herself to it. Now all the knowledge and qualities of her previous birth automatically appeared in Parvati. So she became learned in no time. Being also very beautiful, she shone with her youth.
Parvati attained the age of marriage. Parvataraja's mind directed that he should give his daughter in marriage to Lord Shiva only, as she had such great piety. But how to do that, without the bridegroom's people asking for it? Should he ask Shiva himself if he would marry her? What if he refused?
Parvataraja was hesitant.
Shiva In Penance
At that time Shiva was not in his palace on Kailasa. He was in a pensive mood as his wife Dakshayani had given up her life. He had become an ascetic. Giving up Kailasa and searching for a place suitable for penance, he had come to a sacred spot called Gangavatara near Oushadhiprastha on the Himalayan slopes. The place was full of the fragrance of musk and tall red cedars nourished by the waters of the Ganga. He set up a fire there and forgetting all affairs of the world, was in a severe penance, meditating on soul and salvation
'This Is Certain'
The holy sage Narada once came to Oushadhiprastha in the course-of his sojourn. It was his wont to show the right part to good men who might at any time be worried not knowing what they should do in life. Likewise he would go to wicked people like a well-wisher and put them on the path of self-destruction. With this purpose he had the habit of roving around in all the three worlds and-upholding piety to God by singing songs of devotion. Thus when Narada came there, Giriraja and Mena welcomed him, saluted him and honored him with all hospitality. They called Parvati also to salute him. Mutual enquiries followed.
"O wise sage, my daughter Parvati is now grown into a young maid, What is her future, and who will marry her?"
"Listen, Parvataraja. She who in her previous birth was Dakshayani andplunged to her death in the sacrificial fire because of her devotion to her husband is now your daughter. Only Shiva can wed her and none else. There is no doubt that she will marry Lord Shiva. It is not possible to please Shiva by mere external beauty or fondness. Piety, worship and penance these are the ways of earning his favour. Parvati will certainly obtain Shiva’s favour and marry Him through her penance and meditation. This is certain. "So saying, Narada left.
Parvati was very happy with Narada’s words. It was like wishing for milk, and getting it too, because Parvati had determined that thoughout her life thereafter, her days should be spent only in the serviice of Shiva and in meditaing upon him.
The Sight Of Shiva
Parvataraja came to know that Shiva was now in penance-grove at Gangavatara. The spot was not very far from Oushadhi- prastha. He went to see Shiva. Shiva was sitting in meditation with closed eyes. Giriraja sang in praise of Lord Shiva. Once Shiva opened his eyes just a little. Then Giriraja said, "Great Lord Ishwara, I am ready, at your service. Command me, for your needs."
"Parvataraja, my penance should go on uninterrupted. For that only I need help. People from your town flock to me here. See that no one comes like that. That is all I want from you."
Himavanta returned to his palace. He ordered that none from among hisservants and retinue, none from the palace-women or even children - should go near Shiva to see him. But he had it in his mind toappoint his daughter Parvati somehow to attend upon Shiva.
The next time when Parvataraja went to Shiva, he took Parvati along with him. Flowers, fruits and other articles of worship were with them to be offered to Shiva. Both of them sang in honour of Shiva for long and worshipped him. Shiva continued to be in his meditation. After a long time, he looked around.
Parvataraja pleaded: "O great Lord, I have brought my daughter who is a great devotee of yours. She cannot stay alive without worshipping you. Therefore do kindly permit that she may come here daily with her companions, Jaya and Vijaya, worship you and then go back."
"Parvataraja, if you so desire,you may come daily to see me. But leave your daughter at home. I am an ascetic, given to penance - and meditation. so women need not come infront me.'
Himavanta repeated his request in a variety of ways. At last Shiva had to agree that Parvati could attend on him. With cause for the mind to deviate, Those who still keep their minds firm Are really great men. Shiva had this Grit and continued with his penance.
Parvati got up at dawn every day and with her companions Jaya and Vijaya went from Oushadhiprastha to Gangavatara where Shiva sat. She took with her all articles of worship. With the water from the river Ganga, she washed Shiva's feet, offered worship and rendered all needed services. She was very beautiful. But Shiva's mind did not falter. He did not consider her as his wife.
Tarakasura
Long ago there was a sage by name Kashyapa. From Diti, who was one of his wives, ensued the Rakshasa race. Her son Vajranga married Varaangi and their son was the Rakshasa Taraka. He performed severe penance to please Brahma, the Creator, and obtained two boons from Him. The first boon was that there should be no one more powerful than he himself was. The second boon was that his death could come only from a son born to Shiva, who would, on the seventh day itself, fight with him as commander. Taraka was very bold and confident because Shiva was already deeply lost in penance and had no wife. So no son could be born.
Taraka was ruthless and wicked. He hated sacrifices, charity, benevolen and righteousness. He was intolerant of people given to penance. Only Shiva could go on meditaing, because it was his own advantage. Taraka felt that nobody in the world should acquire knowledge or become intelligent. But they may drink, to any extent. The angels were afraid of his arrogance and shivered with fear. They behaved like his slaves.
Taraka killed all kings who ruled over their subjects righteously. He drove away the deities guarding the Cardinal Directions and oppressed the angels. He destroyed the hermitages of the sages and had the homes and hearths of good men set fire to. He pitilessly put to death all pious people and all the three worlds were full of pained cries.
Only Manmatha Can Help
Unable to bear Taraka's harassment, sages and angels, all pious persons and Goddess Earth herself, went to Brahma and prayed for help.
Brahma said, "It is impossible for me to kill Taraka. Even Hari and Hara Cannot do it. He can be killed only by a son of Hara. If Hara has to get a son, he must marry Parvati. He is now, in penance. Parvati goes to him every day to attend upon him. But Shiva does not even open his eyes and see her. So how can this marriage come about? Of course I myself gave Taraka the boons he wanted. So I'll try to tell him not to cause unnecessary harm."
Out of respect for Brahma's words Taraka remained in his Shonitapura without attacking the angels for a while It gave the angels a little respite to meet sometimes and discuss what their course of action should be. Brahma Vishnu and Indra met together. Brihaspati, the preceptor of the angels, was sent to Taraka, to negotiate an agreement. But that Rakshasa did not yield to Plain good words or promises of gifts or even the attempt to create a dissention among his group. So there was war and the angels were defeated.
Again the angels met in conclave. They were now engaged in making Shiva stop his meditation and marry Parvati. So they sent Brihaspati to Kusumapura to fetch Manmatha. Manmatha went to them with his sugarcane bow and flowery arrows along with his consort Ratidevi, and asked them, "What do you want me to do? Please tell me."
Another name for Manmatha is Kama. "Lord Kama," Indra replied, "Now you have to confer a great benefit on the world. Taraka's wickedness has become intolerable. The one to kill him is Shiva's son, who is not yet born. But Shiva has not ended his penance. Without ending it his marriage cannot take place. Parvati who is to be his wife is near him but Shiva does not so much as look at her. Now he must be made to fall in love with Parvati. And that, only you can do."
Kama realized the importance of his role. He now thought of aiming his floral arrow at Shiva and thereby ending his tapas. Even if he had to lay down his life in this venture, he would never mind. Would he not have done a great deed for the welfare of the world? So thinking, Kama arrived with Rati at Shiva's penance-grove.
Kama Is Burnt
No sooner did Kama approach Shiva, than did his ally, the king of spring, also come there. The grove around Gangavatara was charged with the charm of spring. The mango trees blossomed. The ashoka trees were in sprout. The cuckoo burst into melodious music. There was a pleasant breeze and the scent of flowers spread around. The moonlight was captivating. The penance-grove of Lord Shiva looked a hypnotic realm. All this was Manmatha's influence. He then stood before Shiva. A little away stood Rati. She prayed to God that no evil should befall her husband.
Just at that time Parvati had also come as usual with fruits and flowers to worship Shiva. Her friends were also there. Parvati stood with folded hands singing in praise of Shiva. Pleased with her devotion and delighted with her sweet voice, Shiva just for a moment stopped his meditation and looked at her once. Kama decided that was the most opportune moment and got ready to make Shiva fall in love with Parvati. Unafraid of the eye of fire on Shiva's forehead, he shot five of his arrows of flowers at his heart. Shiva's tapas were broken.
This made Shiva terribly angry. He opened the fiery eye on his forehead. With a frightening noise a fierce blazing flame burst forth. It seemed the fire of final destruction had struck the body of Kama. As he stood, he was reduced to ashes. Shiva, smearing his body with the same ash, disappeared.
Path Of Penance
Seeing Kama burnt to ash by the third eye of Shiva, Rati fainted.
When she regained consciousness, she was in tears and rolled on the ground in great grief. She implored Parvati to give back to her husband as alms. She begged the angels. Parvati in kindness caressed her and consoling her, said, "Rati, don't weep. I will help you. I will beg Shiva and see that your husband comes back to life. You will have him as husband again. As I now get the one who was my husband in the previous birth, so your husband also will get another birth and have you as wife." She gave the assurance. The angels also consoled Rati.
Parvati was 'greatly pained at the way in which Shiva had treated her. She told her companions - "The merciful lord Shiva has not shown any kindness to me. Alas! He has gone away rejecting me. While I was coming here to the spot of his meditation every day and rendering service to him, He has disappeared without speaking a word to me. I know that he cannot be won over by mere beauty or charm but will yield only to devotion. I won't give up my devotion. I will please him with the hardest penance and draw him to myself."
When Parvati told her mother of her resolve, Mena said, "My dear daughter, you need not go out and perform penance. You have such a delicate body. Penance is a hard thing. Do stay at home and do your tapas." Mena thus tried to dissuade her. But she could not succeed.
Just then the sage Narada came there. Parvataraja told him about his daughter. The sage said, "It is not proper to come in the way of her tapas." He saw Parvati separately and told her to undertake her penance in the same place where Shiva was meditating. He taught her the great 'Panchakshari’ the five-lettered mantra (incantation) to please Shiva - "Om Namah Shivaaya and blessed her.
Parvati's Penance
Parvati obtained from her parents their permission and blessings. She then went to the sacred spot of Gangavatara. The same spot later came to be called the Gowri peak. Jaya and Vijaya also went with her to facilitate her tapas. Parvati's penance was rigorous. In the summer of sweltering heat she lighted fire on all four sides and did her penance amidst five fires. In the rainy season she sat on the rock in pouring rain and meditated. In winter she stood neckdeep in the cold water of the pond and meditated on Shiva. She never cared for any kind of difficulty, sorrow or pain, and focussed her mind fully on Shiva. She wore flaxen cloth with twisted hair top and chanted the mantras or prayers with the rosary in hand. She excelled the rishis or sages in going on with the penance conquering hunger and thirst. In early stages she was eating fruits; gradually she gave up that also. She ate leaves or 'parna.' Then she left off that also and got the name 'Aparna,' continuing her hard penance. Many came to her penance- grove now and then, and returned with wonder at her determination and with sympathy too.
It was the greatness and effect of Parvati's penance those all-wild animals of that forest became mild. The young of the deer rolled about on a tiger in their sleep. Venomous vipers would not bite any one. Rats played with snakes. The penance- grove was a kingdom of love, an abode of affection and kindness. But the heat generated by Parvati's tapas began toburn the angels. All of them prayed to Shiva. They appealed to him to be pleased,with Parvati and marry her.
Testing Time
For any effort to gel its proper reward, the effort has to be evaluated. Such evaluation depends on the test. The moment approached for testing the strength and essence of Parvati's penannce. Her tapas had this effect: kindness did blossom in Shiva. His mind was softened. Still he wanted to test her mind. He sent the seven sages known as the 'Saptarishis' to find out her firmness.
Parvati saluted the sages who went to her. Her friends Jaya and Vijaya rendered hospitality. The sages asked of Parvati the reason for her tapas and who herpreceptor was. She narrated everything.
And 'the sages replied "Well, listening to the words of Narada, you went the wrong way. Don't do this penance for Shiva. Nor should you marry him." But she did not heed their words.She had already decided that qualities mattered more than appearance. She told them of her resolve thus - "I feel that I am already married to Shiva. If he does not accept me, I'm not going to marry any other person. There cannot be two marriages for me."
The sages were pleased with her firmness. They blessed her by saying "May your wish succeed!" and went to Kailasa. They narrated all this to Shiva. They said that it would not be proper to subject her to any more pain with the pretext of testing her mind. But Shiva thought that he should himself test her firmness.
He changed his real form for that, purpose. He disguised himself as a young student and went to Parvati’s penance- grove. He sat in the shade of a small mango tree near her. Thinking that a Brahman youth had come as a guest, Parvati's friends went to him and made inquiries about his welfare. They gave him water to wash his feet and then some good fruits to eat. Then the youth pointed at Parvati and asked them, "Who is she? Why is she performing this penance though so young? Is there none to stop her tapas? None to check her and advise her?" Hearing these words of his, Parvati became angry. She stopped her meditation, put aside the rosary, and stared at the youth.
Then the young man, pretending to be sympathetic, began asking several questions. "At the prime of your youth, why are you engaged in this tapas in this forest, ignoring cold and heat and rain, hunger and thirst?" he asked. With a sign of her eye from Parvati, Vijaya told himeverything and said, "My friend thus desires to wed Shiva and hence this tapas." Thedisguised youth laughed loudly and said. "O, I understand. What more can I say? It's your will and pleasure. So let me go."
When he started to go, Parvati went near him and saluting him, asked thus "Please wait. Can you not give good advice to me in this matter? Can you not guide me as to how I can win Shiva's favour?"
"Listen then," the youth said. "You are innocent. Though a young maiden you have no wisdom. Why do you wish to marry that three-eyed person? What an ill-starred person you are! His home appearance, nature are all peculiar. He lives in the burial-ground. His ornament is the snake! The garland he wears is of skulls. His weapon is a trident and he wears only animal skin. Most of his hairs are s catered in the sky and the rest are matted locks. Poison in his neck and ash all over the body! With Ganga and the moon fixed on his head he is severely cold. He moves about on an ox, with demons and spirits as his companions. He is also a beggar. You are beautiful and tender, whereas he is ugly and austere.. Don't you think of him and don't marry him."
Hearing these words, Parvati was in an unbearable anger. Her brows were knit in a frown and eyes were red. Not able to hear this abuse of Shiva, with trembling lips she said, "Vile man, you do not know anything about Shiva. Of course the conduct of great persons will not be like that of the common men. Witless persons who cannot understand it criticize like this. Shiva's glory cannot be had by anyone else. Those who trust Him escape from sins. Though Shiva looks a destitute, he can confer upon others all the riches. What if he lives in the burial-ground? He is the lord of all three worlds. His looks may be awkward, but he is the giver of felicity. He is the universal Lord. Though he sits on a bullock, his feet are touched by Indra mounted on his elephant, Airavata. There is no need for so much talk. My mind is firmly rooted in Shiva. None can change it. I am fully aware of Shiva's form, qualities and greatness. He has neither deformity nor any defect."
Even as Parvati was speaking-thus, the young man's lips moved as if he would again speak. Parvati called her friend and said, "Even as those who revile great ones are sinners, people who listen to that abuse become sinners too. This wicked man is about to speak bad words. Send him away. Or I myself will leave this place." So saying, Parvati started to go away. Suddenly the youth in disguise assumed Shiva's form and held Parvati's hand. She bowed her head. Shiva told her, "0 thou bowed beauty, I am pleased with your penance and your love. You have won over my mind. I have caused you much pain in testing you in many ways. You must pardon that. Now come, let's go to my palace on Kailasa."
'Ask The Elders"
It was true that Shiva, whom she trusted and won over with her tapas, himself came to her and asked her to go with him. But Parvati did not think it correct to go away with him as her husband then and there. It did not seem proper to go away by herself without her parents performing the prescribed ceremonies of the marriage.
"Lord, my father Parvataraja and mother Menadevi are there. Other relatives are also there. You must come to my father and ask him for my hand in marriage. I request that the wedding be performed with the prescribed rites with the consent of elders and relatives." Shiva agreed to her words since following the custom would be a sign of culture.
Just then Ratidevi came there in tears with the sorrow of separation from her husband. She saluted them both. Parvati told Shiva - "0 Lord, her husband Kama, in his striving for the welfare of the world, has been burnt by the fire of your third eye. I have assured her that I will beg you and get her husband back. You must first give her husband.
Though Parvati was now in her happy days, she had not forgotten the sorrows of others. She did not ignore the need to remove- the sufferings of others. Shiva, who was merciful, said "Be it so.Whenever Rati wants him Manmatha will come to her even without a body and make her happy. Manmatha gave up his life so that theworld could be happy. Whenever the people of this world remember him, he will yet come unseen and do good to them. Later in the Dwapara aeon he shall be born son to Sri Krishna and will be resplendent as the true husband of Rati."
Shiva conferred his favour thus, as requested by Parvati, and then went back to Kailasa with his retinue. All hisdevotees, sages and retinue in Kailasa were overjoyed. Parvati returned to Oushadhi- prastha with her companions. As one who had won Shiva's favor, she was welcomed with great splendor.
Shiva Weds Parvati
Shiva sent for the Saptarishis, the seven sages who were very wise and pious, and requested them to go to Himavanta. Parvataraja was in immense joy that the greatest of sages had come to request for his daughter to be Shiva's bride. Giriraja exclaimed "My good fortune has borne fruit! My righteousness has yielded a fragrant flower! The tree of my good race has borne fruit!" That he would be the father-in-law of Shiva, the world's, preceptor, put him into a , transport of joy. The marriage was fixed.
Parvataraja sent for Vishwakarma the architect of the angels. With his help a marriage-pavilion was built, which was extremely beautiful and a wonder to set eyes upon. The extensive hall for the marriage assembly was unique. The wedding of Shiva and Parvati was performed with great splendour.
Welfare Of The World The wedlock of Shiva and Parvati opened as it were the portals of the world's bliss. Shiva is the world's father. Having married him, Parvati became the mother of the universe. The son born to her later was Kartikeya. He as commander of the army of the angels attacked the Rakshasas, killed them and reestablished the path of virtue and righteousness. Tarakasura was killed. The other son of Parvati is Ganesha or Gajamuka. He places obstacles to the wicked deeds of bad men and removes impediments in the way of good men. He also gives knowledge and wisdom.Extending The World's Knowledge
Shiva, who is Mahadeva or the Greatest God, is also known as Sarvajna and Vageesha. Sarvajna means one who knows all, Omniscient. Vageesha is the lord of knowledge. Parvati had, during her days as a student, learnt the material as will as the spiritual branches of knowledge through well-qualified teachers. Still she had the desire to learn more. She was not only proud that her husband was Sarvajna, but also had the learner's curiosity to know more.Through her own learning she desired the spread of knowledge the arts and the intellect all over the world. In Shiva's assembly, not only Parvati but the angels and other divine beings as well as sages learnt wisdom by listening to the educative stories, the morals and doctrines, and histories and poems, narrated by Shiva. The one who requested Him to narrate all those was Parvati.
Parvati learnt the Sanskrit language and grammar from Shiva. The rules of grammar taught by Shiva are famous as "Maheshwara Sutras." Later a sage by the name of Panini publicised them on the earth. It is well known as Panini’s Grammar ('Paniniya Vyakarana').
Prosody, or metrical science, important for poetry. It explains poetical structure. As Parvati desired to know it, Shiva taught that to Parvati first Then a sage by name Pingala learnt it and made it known on the earth. His work on 'Chandas' or prosody was written in Kannada as'Chandombudhi' (in 990 A. D.) by the poet Nagavarma. Similarly several other branches of knowledge like dance, architecture, astrology, spells, painting and so on - are said to have been taught by Shiva to Parvati and then became known to others. Parvati had great curiosity to know philosophy also. She wanted the Ramayana to be taught to her with its philosophical content. Pleased with this request, Shiva taught her "Adhyatma Ramayana.' Brahma learnt it and in turn taught Narada. Narada narrated the story to sage Valmiki who passed it on to Lava and Kusha the twin sons of Sri Rama. This is known as "Srimadlyana." Later the sage Vedavyasa composed Adhyatma Ramayana in Sanskrit. It is well known to this day.
The 'Panchatantra' also, which is full of moral stories eagerly listened to and enjoyed by children even today, is also believed to be a collection of talest told by Shiva to Parvati in the first instance.
No only was Parvati often discussing philosophy and matters of this world with Shiva, but was also sometimes venturing into deeds of bravery. The Mahabharata says that when Shiva went to Indrakeelaka in the guise of a tribal king of huntsmen to see Arjuna's valour directly, Parvati also went with him as his tribal wife.
Goddess Chamundeswari is believed to be one of the incarnations of Parvati She took that form to kill a rakshasa by name Mahishasura. The wicked Mahishasura was harassing human beings and the angels. Chamundeswari killed him on the Vijayadashami day. Then she took abode on a hill in Mahishamandala where the demon ruled earlier. This is the Chamundi Hill near Mysore City in Karnataka. The hill is 3489 feet above sea level. The present- day Mysore is theMahishamandala over which Mahishasura reigned.
Kali and Durga are also incarnations of Parvati. As her devotees believe, Parvati assumed all these forms to kill the wicked in the w6rld and protect the virtuous.

Sri Krishna
Sri Krishna Jayanthi-the birthday of lord Krishna-is a great festive occasion, a day of rejoicing and is celebrated in every home from the Himalayas to Kanyakumari. From The Prison To Nandagokula
Mathura was a town in a region of India now known as Uttar Pradesh. Ugrasena was the king. He was a wicked, hard- hearted man. Kamsa, was a wicked, hard-hearted man. Kamsa arrogant and boasted of his strength. He was an evil son who sent his own father to prison and became king.
Devaki, the sister of Kamsa, married Vasudeva. On the day of the marriage the new couple went out in grand procession. With great enthusiasm Kamsa was himself driving the chariot.
All of a sudden Kamsa heard a voice from the skies: "You fool! You are driving the chariot of your sister and brother-in-law, but you do not know that the eighth son of this very woman will kill you".
Kamsa was shocked. He was also furious. Then he exclaimed, "if my sister lives, her son will be my death. Well, I shall kill Devaki herself!" and drew his sword. Vasudeva begged him not to slay a woman. Kamsa then put them both behind prison bars. Thereafter, he killed every child born to Devaki.
The eighth child was Krishna. He was born on Shravan Bahula Ashtami (the eight day of the second half of the month of Shravan). He was dark as cloud, but his face had matchless radiance. Vasudeva felt he should save at least this child.
That night as the guards were in deep slumber, Vasudeva left with the child. Vasudeva left with the child. It was raining heavily. Vasudeva had to cross the river yamuna. But he walked on with his precious burden. He reached distant Gokula and left the child in the house of Nanda, a cowherd. Nada’s wife, yashoda, had just then given birth to a daughter. Vasudeva hastened back to the prison with Yashoda’s child.
When the guards woke up, they heard the baby crying. They immediately raced to Kamsa and reported to him the birth of a child.
"I shall slay the child, " said Kamsa, and rushed to the prison.
But the child slipped from his hands and sprang to sky. It said to Kamsa "Wretch! The child who is destined to kill you is growing p in Gokula," and disappeared. Kamsa was stunned. And then he decided that the child in Gokula should die. But how was he to kill it? He began to plan.
Yashoda, Nanda’s wife was supremely happy to see her beautiful son. The bewitching child’s smile made her forgets the world.
The stories about Krishna’s childhood are very interesting. One day a well-dressed, beautiful woman came Gokula. She was all smiles, she began to feed the child at her breast. This woman was in fact Poothani, a wicked woman sent by Kamsa to kill Krishna. Her milk was poisonous. but Krishna smilingly sucked the milk from her breast and killed her by sucking out her life.
Kamsa sent two more rakshasas Trinavartha and Shakatasura. Krishna killed them, too.
It is said a number of such incidents foretold the future greatness of Krishna.
Kamsa was powerful and wicked. His persecution trouble Nanda and he was filled with fear. The gopa- the cowherd- decided to leave Gokula. They migrated to Brindavan. Brindavan soon developed into a township. Krishna and his friends were delighted. The woods, the banks of the Yamuna, the valleys and the fields echoed and re-echoed with their loud shouts and gay laughter. Vasudeva had another wife Rohini by name; she was living in Gokula. She had a son, Balarama, who was older than Krishna. Their mischief and their laughter filled all Brindavan.
One day the cowherd boys drank the water of a lake. At once they fell down dead. This was because of a huge serpent in the lake, which had poisoned the water. Krishna decided to put an end to this danger. The huge serpent tried to coil itself round him, but Krishna caught hold of its tail and stepped on its hood.Theserpent struggled and tried to bite him: but Krishna pressed down its hood harder and the serpent was helpless. Krishna then let it go and the serpent left the lake. Every one rejoiced at the departure of the serpent.
The cowherd boys were a big crowd. Krishna was their leader. They played and sang, they dance and swan, as he bade them. They played gaily in the woods, and swam in every lake. The Darling Child Of Yashoda The Darling Child Of Yashoda So Krishna won the love of every one and proved a born leader. But to Yashoda he was her darling little child. Some times when he was too naughty the gopies complained to Yashoda, and she punished him, too, before his mother he looked like an innocent little child. There is a very interesting story about the boy Krishna. One day Balarama rushed to Yashoda: he said: "Mother! Krishna is eating mud. His body is all covered with mud and his mouth is full of it." Just then the lovely child came up. His face and body were covered with mud. Yashoda began to question the boy, "You naughty fellow! Haven’t you had enough butter at home? Do you eat mud?" With a wry face Krishna lisped: "Oh no, mother! Brother is uttering a lie. I have not touched mud at all." Yashoda said angrily, "Enough! Open your mouth." Krishna opened his mouth. Yashoda looked. She was startled and could only exclaim ‘Ah!’ She did not see mud in Krishna's mouth. But she saw all the worlds! As she looked she was dazed. She was terrified and folded her hands and closed her eyes. When she opened her eyes she saw the laughing little child before her. She forgot all she had seen. She, too, laughed and Swept the child into her arms. And Krishna laughed as if he knew nothing. The Govardhana Hill As Krishna grew in age people's respect for him also grew. Whenever a decision had to be taken, even elderly people would say, 'Let us consult Krishna!' Once in the rainy season the gopalas were making preparations to worship God Indra. To them Indra was the God of rains. Krishna, however, did not like this idea. He felt it was the Govardhana Hill which caused the rains, and he suggested that they should worship the hill. All the others agreed. Indra was angry that he was not worshipped. He decided to punish the gopalas. The very sky seemed to open and the rains came down in torrents. People were terrified. Krishna then lifted up the Govardhana Hill, like an umbrella over the people and the cattle. Indra was humbled and stopped the rains. There are a number of such incidents which bring out the greatness of Krishna. He became the light and the joy of Brindavan. When he played on his flute men, women and children, and the very cattle, were thrilled and forgot the world. The Slaying Of Kamsa Here in 'Mathura, Kamsa was beginning to feel more and more alarmed. Keshi, another rakshasa whom he sent, was also killed. Kamsa threw Vasudeva and Devaki into the prison and planned to invite Krishna to Mathura and kill him there. He, therefore, sent his cousin Akrura to Brindavan to bring Krishna. Akrura was a great devotee of Krishna. He told Krishna of Kamsa's evil intentions. Krishna rejoiced. He said, "Let us all go to Mathura." With him went Akrura, Balarama, Nanda and some other gopalakas. The news of the visit of Krishna spread in Mathura. So everywhere there was curiosity, excitement and joy. As Krishna and Balarama were approaching the palace a big elephant of the name Kuvalayapida rushed towards Krishna. Kamsa had deliberately stationed the elephant there to kill Krishna. Krishna cut off the trunk. The huge animal fell down and died. As the brothers approached Kamsa's court two wrestlers, Mushtika and Chanura by name, stepped forward. They were famous all over the country for their wrestling. They were very strong. The spectators were filled with pity and murmured, "Poor boys! What can they do against these rocklike? Wrestlers!" Krishna took on Chanura and Balarama took on Mushtika. And the two wrestlers were killed. When he saw his two formidable wrestlers killed by the boys, Kamsa was bewildered and filled with fear. Krishna pounced on Kamsa, caught hold of his hair and pushed him to the ground. Kamsa tried to get up to save himself. He tried to fight. But Krishna killed him. The people of Mathura sighed in relief. They celebrated Krishna's victory with great joy because Kamsa had been a tyrant. Krishna did not ascend the throne, but crowned Ugrasena, his grandfather. At The Guru's Feet Sandipani was a great and wise sage. Krishna went to him for education. Like the other disciples he also worked in his teacher's house, and learnt in a Spirit of humility. Sandipani was pleased with his earnestness, his modesty and his intelligence. Krishna soon mastered law, military science, political science and other arts and sciences. When 'his education was complete he said to his teacher, "Sir, what shall I give you as Gurudakshina?" (Gurudakshina is the Pupil’s offering to his teacher to express his gratitude.) Sandipani's wife said, "We lost our son in the holy Prabhasa. Bring him back to us." The task seemed impossible, but Krishna did not hesitate. There was a rakshasa by name Panchajanya; he had carried away Sandipani's son while he was bathing in the sea near holy Prabhasa. Krishna defeated Panchajana and returned with the Guru's son. He also brought the conch 'Panchajanya'. Krishna then returned to Mathura. Kuchela was the classmate of Krishna and Balarama in the ashram of Sandipani Muni. They had been close friends. After his return Kuchela had to live in utter poverty. His wife and children had to starve. One day Kuchela's wife said to him, ills not Lord Krishna your classmate? Go to him and seek help." Kuchela agreed. But how could he go empty-handed to see his old friend? There was nothing in his house except a handful of beaten rice. Kuchela left for Mathura with this gift. Kuchela was nervous. Krishna hadbecome a very great and important person. Kings came to him for help and were eager to please him. Would he talk to Kuchela? As soon as Krishna saw Kuchela, he ran forward to receive him. He embraced him and took him into the palace and treated him with great affection. Kuchela was hesitant to offer the handful of beaten rice. But Krishna grabbed it, ate it and offered it to others, and he praised its taste. Kuchela spent four days happily in the palace. And he forgot to ask Krishna to relieve his poverty. By the time he reached home Krishna had sent gold and rich clothes and money to his house. And a splendid mansion was built for Kuchela. To Dwaraka Jarasandha, the powerful King of Magadha, was the father-in-law of Kamsa. He had a powerful army. He was angry with Krishna for killing Kamsa and was roused to fury by the distress of his daughters. He was determined to kill Krishna. He marched with a big army to Mathura. Krishna mobilised the Yadava youths.Jarasandha's army camped outside the fort. Krishna attacked the enemy's forces like lightning. The Magadha soldiers fled. Jarasandha was filled with shame. He invaded Mathura with a much bigger force. Several kings also joined him. Krishna's army met the enemy half way and attacked even before Jarasandha could reach Mathura. The Magadha forces were not prepared for this assault. In the confusion their own elephants crushed them. But again and again Jarasandha attacked Mathura and did so seventeen times. But how long could this kind of war go on? Krishna observed that the strength of the Yadavas was diminishing. It is not enough to fight heroically on the battlefield. When one is at a disadvantage one should retreat from the battlefield, and should strike again at the right moment and destroy the enemies. When the Magadha forces attacked for the seventeenth time Krishna led all his people to Dwaraka, by a secret route. Why did Krishna go to Dwaraka? It was a city he himself had built to protect the Yadavas from Jarasandha. Dwaraka was surrounded by the sea. And it was an impregnable fortress. The Heroic Krishna Rukmini was the daughter of King Bhishmaka of Vidarbha. She was as beautiful as she was good. She had fallen in love with Krishna. She had the blessings of her father also. But her elder brother Rukmi would not listen to her. He argued that Krishna was the son of a cowherd and belonged to a low caste. He decided that she should marry a king, Shishupala by name. Rukmini wept in misery and sent word to Krishna. Krishna came to Vidarbha, put Rukmini in his chariot and made off for Dwaraka. Rukmi and his army set out in fiercepursuit of Krishna. He insulted Krishna. But he and his army could not face Krishna's arrows. Krishna felled Rukmi and went to Dwaraka. And there Sri Krishna and Rukmini were happily married. We all love Deepavali, the Festival of Lights, don's we? We celebrate it with great joy.The festival of Narakachaturdashi marks the beginning of the celebrations of Deepavali. Narakasura was the demon King of Pragjyotishapura. He was harassing all good and pious people. Even the gods suffered at his hands. Krishna went to Pragjyotishapura. He destroyed the formidable fortifications and entered the city. A huge army opposed him. Krishna cut off the head of Narakasura with his 'Chakra' (or the wheel) just as dawn was breaking. So, that day came to be known as Narakachaturdashi. All the land rejoiced. And Krishna set free all the princesses whom Narakasura had thrown into prison. The Saviour Of The Pandavas Draupadi was the daughter of King Drupada. Preparations were being made for her marriage. The bridegroom was to be chosen in a 'Swayamvara'. There was a contest. The man who could shoot an arrow to hit the eye of a fish-like target suspended high above would win her. Arjuna, the third among the five Pandava brothers, succeeded. It was at the Swayamvara that Krishna became his friend and the friend of the Pandavas. Arjuna was a matchless warrior. Krishna thought that he could destroy all the evil men in the world through Arjuna. Later Subhadra, Krishna's sister, married Arjuna. So Arjuna and Krishna come closer. The Pandavas grew in strength They started preparing for the Rajasuya Sacrifice. The Pandava army marched forth. Arjuna was in command, with him was Krishna. Bhima, Arjuna and Krishna arrived in Magadha. There was a grim duel between Bhima and Jarasandha. Although Bhima had the upper hand Jarasandha could not be killed. Bhima was getting tired. So Krishna made a sign. Bhima understood him; he took jarasandha by the legs and tore him into two and flung the pieces in opposite directions. Shishupala, too, bore a grudge against Krishna. At the time of the Rajasuya Sacrifice, Dharmaraja offered the first honours to Krishna. Shishupala resented this. He abused Krishna using filthy language. Krishna hurled his 'Chakra' at Shishupala and cut off his head. Duryodhana was the son of Dhritarashtra, the uncle of the Pandavas. The successes and the popularity of the Pandavas made Duryodhana jealous.He invited Dharmaraja to a game of dice. Dharmaraja staked and lost everything. He staked and lost Draupadi, too.Duryodhana was intoxicated with success and behaved like a mad man. He summoned Draupadi to the royal court. In the open assembly, Dusshasana, Durodhana’s brothers, attempted to strip her naked. No one came to her rescue. In great anguish Drapadi cried out to Krishna for help. Krishna blessed her, and the sari the was wearing became endless. The honour of Drapadi was saved. She took oath that she would tie her hair only after Dusshasana was killed. The Pandavas had to spend twelve years in exile in the forests and then spend a year after that in disguise. This was the penalty for defeat, according To the conditions of the match. They had to face innumerable difficulties.But Krishna always came to their rescue.Once Durvasa, a short-tempered Sage, came to the Pandavas with hundreds of his disciples. They were all to be Dharmaraja’s guests. They went for a bath and were to return in a short time. The Pandavas were nervous, for there was no food to serve. Draupadi prayed to Krishna. He appeared at once. He said, "Draupadi, I am hungry, give me food." Draupadi both laughed and wept. Krishna asked her to bring the vessel which she used to cook food. He ate the food sticking to one side of the vessel. He said he was satisfied. That very moment Durvasa and his disciples suddenly felt as if they had eaten sumptuously. Durvasa realised that Krishna had saved the Pandavas. After twelve years in the forest the Pandavas had to spend a year in disguise, without being recognized by any one. They spent this period in the court of Virata. So the Pandavas had spent thirteen years in exile, according to the conditions of the game of dice. They justly demanded that Duryodhana should give them back their kingdom. But Duryodhana was greedy, and also jealous. He declared that, if the Pandavas wanted their kingdom, they could fight for it. The Ambassador Of The Pandavas Dharmaraja did not wish to fight for the kingdom. So he said to Krishna, "We must avert a war. So you must negotiate for us. If they are not willing to give half the kingdom, let them at least give five villages." Draupadi was unhappy; if there was no war, how could Duryodhana and his followers be punished for humiliating her? How could she fulfil her vow? The entrails of Dusshasana were to be dug out, Duryodhana's thigh had to be broken, and Karna had to die. She said to Krishna, "Decide in favour of a war. Krishna replied, "Dear. sister, do not weep. Even though I go as a mediator I shall decide only in favour of a war. I can never forget your untied hair. All the wicked and impious people in the world should die together. A kingdom based on Dharma has to be established. For this war is inevitable." Before calling on Duryodhana Krishna first went to Vidura's house.Vidura was a member of Duryodhana's court. His mother had been one of the servants of a former queen. But Vidura was a venerable sage. He lived a pure and righteous life. So he was dear to Krishna. Vidura was overjoyed when Krishna went to his house. Krishna received his hospitality and then went to Duryodhana's court. Paving The Way For The War There were great and wise and brave men like Bhishma and Drona, in Duryodhana's court. But every one respected Krishna. In a dignified way and in -measured words he explained why he had come to Hasthinavathi. He said, "The Pandavas follow Truth. They have fulfilled their promise by spending twelve years in exile and one year in disguise. It is, therefore, right that Duryodhana should return their kingdom and live with them in peace andfriendship." Sages like Parashurama, Kanva and Narada advised Duryodhana to accept the offer of the Pandavas. Dhritarashtra, Duryodhana's father, also said, "Listen to the advise of Krishna; do not ruin yourself by insisting on fighting." Duryodhana's grandfather Bhishma, a I man of great wisdom, Drona,Duryodhana's Guru, all told Duryodhana that he should make peace with his cousins. "Do not unnecessarily sacrifice the lives of millions of people on the battlefield." Duryodhana was - obstinate."Say what you will, I am not – prepared to return the kingdom to the Pandavas I am not afraid of war. As long as I am alive I will not give the Pandavas, even enough land to drive the point o a needle in." An evil thought flashed to Duryodhana, Dusshasana and Karna 'Krishna is the friend of the Pandava,, and without him they are nothing. If he is captured and put behind the bars...! Krishna understood their minds. The Kauravas tried to tie up Krishna, Krishna then assumed his cosmic form. All the gods were seen in his body Flames flashed from his face and he was more dazzling than the sun. Karna was a great friend of Duryodhana. He was a great warrior. It was difficult to decide who was great in the art of archery, Kama or Arjuna, He had unflinching loyalty to Duryodhana. Krishna knew that Kama would be a danger to the Pandavas on the battlefield. Karna was in truth the son of Kunthi, the mother of Pandavas.She gave birth to him before she married Panduraja. Kama was brought up by, a childless Fisherman and his wife. Later Duryodhana treated him as a friend and showered honours on him. Krishna thought if Kama could be attracted to the camp of the Pandavas, Duryodhana would be considerably weakened. Krishna took Karna into his chariot and spoke to him affectionately: "You are the son of Kunthi, come away with me. The Pandavas will be very glad to welcome you as their elder brother. You will be the king." Karna refused. He said, "Duryodhana has complete faith in me. When all people looked down upon me as low-born, only Duryodhana treat me as a man. I cannot betray him." Krishna said, "If there is a war d not kill the Pandavas. Do not forge they are your brothers." "There will be war.Duryodhan Dusshasana, myself and others a going to die. I know this. Permit me t take leave of you," Kama said. Krishna admired Karna's loyalty an embraced him.Krishna's mission succeeded. H knew that Karna would lose half hi strength if he came to know that the Pandavas were his brothers. Kunthi also met Karna. This meeting, too, was planned by Krishna. Karna promise that he would not kill any of the Pandavas except Arjuna. The stage was set for the war. Bot Duryodhana and A6una waited on Krishna. -Each wanted that Krishna should join him with his Yaclavas. Krishna said, "I myself am not going to fight. I shall join one side. The entire Yadava army will join the other side. Now choose." "I choose the army". Said Duryodhana. "I shall be content with Krishna," said Arjuna. And so it came about that the Yadava forces joined Duryodhana. 'Forget Not Your Duty, Arjuna' The Pandava and the Kaurava armies faced each other on the battlefield of Kurukshetra. Lakhs of soldiers were there and with them were elephants and horses. Bhishma, Drona, Ashwatthama, Karna, Dusshasana and such other great warriors were on the side of Duryodhana. In the other camp were, Drupada, Virata, Abhimanyu and other mighty warriors. The entire might of Bharata (India) was assembled there All was ready for a grim blood bath. Krishna became Arjuna's Charioteer He held the reins of the fortunes of the Pandavas in his hands, did he not? On the first day of the war Krishna drove the chariot between the two armies. Arjuna saw his grandfather, his teacher, his friends and relatives in the Kaurava army. And he thought, 'Should I kill all these just to gain the kingdom? He sank into his seat. He perspired, His famous bow, the Gandeeva, slipped from his hands. "No, Krishna, let us not fight," he said, "Bhishma is my grandfather. Drona is my revered Guru. Ashwatthama is my good friend. How can I kill them ? And what do I gain by killing them?" Krishna said, "Arjuna, such words are not worthy of a hero like you. Your duty is to fight. Those who have joined the forces against justice and righteousness have to perish. The good must be protected. Attachment to friends and relatives should not come in the way of your duty." It was then that Krishna preached the Bhagavadgeetha, consisting of eighteen chapters."Man must do his duty. Do not think of the fruits, the results. 'These are mine, those are not mine' -do not have such thoughts. A wise man treats all alike. Anger and desire dull your intelligence. Accept pain and pleasure in the same way. A man must understand and do what is right. Everyone that is born must die. Justice is more important than human beings. Partha, give up this base faint-heartedness, arise and do your duty." Thus the teacher of the Geetha guided Arjuna. Even today the Geetha is a light to all mankind. It has been translated into many languages. People of man, lands study it and seek to gain peace of mind by following its teaching. Arjuna's mind grew clear. The zest to fight returned to him. He picked up the Gandeeva. Krishna's Will The fierce epic war began. It wen on for eighteen days. The heads o great kings rolled on the battlefield While sometimes the Pandava! achieved striking successes, Bhishma the commander of Duryodhana's army destroyed some of their forces. How could they overcome this might warrior? On the advice of, Krishna Arjuna posed this very question Bhishma. Bhishma had vowed that h( will not fight against Shikhandi. On the tenth day Arjuna stood behind Shikhandi and shot arrows and Bhishma laid down his arms. Thereafter Drona became the commander - in-chief of the Kaurava army. Krishna plotted to do away with Drona. Krishna knew that Drona loved his son Ashwatthama deeply and if Dharmaraja told Drona that Ashwatthama was dead Drona would lay down his arms and then he could be killed. But Dharmaraja was unwilling to tell a lie. He spoke only the truth and cried aloud, "Ashwatthama, the elephant, is dead." Krishna sounded his conch so that Drona could not hear the words 'the elephant'. Drona was stunned and put down his arms. He, too, was killed. Was all this fair? Did Krishna use fair methods to get rid of Bhishma and Drona ?True, Drona and Bhishma were great men. They were not evil men. They did not do anything immoral for their own gain. But they had joined the forces of the unjust Duryodhana. Similarly, Kama was also a good man. He had respect for Dharma and for Krishna. While Karna was pulling out one of the wheels of his chariot that had struck in the mud, Krishna asked Arjuna to shoot and kill Karna. Karna cried out to Arjuna, "Fight justly." Arjuna then began to doubt if Krishna's advice was just. Krishna said, "Who is to distinguish between Dharma justice) and Adharma (injustice) ? Not those who have themselves been unjust, not those who have been against the just. Only those who are themselves just and live for the sake of justice can do So it is right to kill your enemies in this war. Those who are against Dharma and their followers should be wiped out by using all possible means. This is Dharma' so said Krishna. Accordingly Karna was killed. There was yet another incident which threw light on the policy pursued by Krishna on the battlefield. Abhimanyu was the son of Arjuna and Subhadra, the beloved sister of Krishna. When Arjuna was fighting in a distant part of the battlefield, Abhimanyu was killed. On hearing the news of Abhimanyu's death, Arjuna took an oath. Jayadratha, a supporter of Duryodhana, was mainly responsible for Abhimanyu's death.Arjuna declared,I shall killJayadratha before the sun sets." But Duryodhana hid Jayadratha, and Arjuna could not kill him. The sun was about to set. Arjuna decided to kill himself. Krishna threw his Chakra at the sun and made it appear as if the sun had set. Jayadratha came to watch the death of Arjuna. Krishna withdrew his Chakra. The sun had not yet set. Arjuna killed Jayadratha. It was a terrible war. Bhishma' Drona, Dusshasana, Karna, Abhimanyu, Drushtadyumna - many such heroes were killed. Who could keep count of the ordinary soldiers who were killed or blinded or lost their limbs ? Streams of blood turned the earth red. The end of the war was in sight. Of all the mighty warriors of the Kaurava army Duryodhana alone was alive. He was hiding in a lake. Krishna discovered this and came to the lake with the Pandavas. Bhima cried out, "You coward! Come out." Duryodhana came out. The two fought with maces. Bhima could not overcome Duryodhana. Krishna signaled to Bhima to strike on the right thigh of Duryodhana (Which he had indecently exposed, asking Draupadi to sit on it). Bhima dealt a terrific blow and broke it. Duryodhana fell down. The war was over. Dharmaraja ascended the throne. The country was free from the unjust and the wicked rulers. End Of Krishnavathara Krishna spent many years in Dwaraka, with the Yadavas. But gradually the Yadavas grew arrogant and wicked. They began to insult the sages. They began to think that they were unequalled in strength and that no one could check them. Once they went to a holy place called Prabhasa. They enjoyed themselves and also drank heavily. They began to quarrel among themselves. They drew out their swords. Krishna watched them and thought that they were going to become a menace to people, and that they were inviting their own destruction. True, they were all his relatives, and he had grown up in their midst. Krishna had no attachment which would blind him to the truth. The protection of peace and Dharma was paramount. He thought that the Yadavas should perish in their internal quarrels. He made no attempt to save them. They fought among themselves and almost all the Yadavas lay dead. The mission of Krishna's life had been achieved. The evil were destroyed and the good protected. Krishna decided to leave the world. He sent messengers to bring the Pandavas. Sitting under a tree he began deep meditation and soon forgot the rest of the world. A hunter came that way. He saw Krishna's foot from a distance and mistook him for a deer. He shot an arrow. The arrow entered Krishna's foot. The hunter ran to the spot and saw what had happened. He was shocked. Krishna comforted him and left the world. Yogeshwara Krishna Krishna's teachings form the Bhagavad- geetha. What he taught he practised all through his life. Every incident in his life is a lesson to the world. Sanjaya, who narrated the story of the Mahabharatha war, said: "Wherever Krishna, who is Yogeshwara (the Lord of Yoga, that is, vision), and Arjuna, the archer, are present, there surely will be fortune, victory, welfare and morality." Krishna was born in a prison. Immediately after his birth, he was separated-from his parents. And he died in solitude killed by a hunter's arrow. As a boy, he killed his uncle Kamsa with his own hands. In extreme old age, when his sons, grandsons, relatives and friends fought among themselves, he let them perish, And all for the sake Dharma. He dethroned many kings and put others in their places. But he himself did not- sit on throne even for a day. Abhimanyu was his darling nephew, But he made no attempt to. save him. Like the life of any one else, Krishna's life, too, was a mixture of joy and sorrow. And he accepted both unperturbed.Dharma is more important than any thing and any one. Kings and others in power should live for the good the people. Krishna wiped out those who ignored this principle, and protected Dharma, and the helpless masses. lived and died Sri Krishna - the author of the Geetha, and Yogeshwara.

Laxmi mataa

Lakshmi DeviLakshmi is the goddess of wealth. She is also called 'Sri' ' Money, grain, cattle, land, gold, and silver are forms of wealth. Who does not need them? Everybody worships Lakshmidevi because one gets wealth if Lakshmi grants it.Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are famous as Trimurtis ('The Trinity'). Of them, Brahma's wife is Saraswati, Vishnu's wife is Lakshmi, and Shiva's wife is Parvati. Saraswati is the goddess of education. Parvati is the goddess of might. Lakshmi, however, is the goddess of wealth. Man needs all three - education, might and wealth.Prayer To Lakshmi There is a Vedic verse by name 'Srisukta.' It comprises invocation and prayer to Lakshmi devi. This is recited while worshipping. If we understand themeaning of a few expressions in Srisukta, we will know Lakshmi's appearance, nature and greatness. 'Hiranyavarnam': Lakshmi is of the color of gold. 'Padmavarnam': of the color of a lotus. 'Adityavarne': Lakshmi is brilliant like the sun. 'Padmavarne': Lakshmi's face is beautiful like a lotus. 'Padmadalayatakshi': her eyes are broad and beautiful as petals of a lotus. 'Padmamalineem': one wearing a garland of lotus flowers. 'Sarasijanilaye': one residing on a lotus flower. 'Sarasijahaste': one holding a lotus in her hand. From this it is evident that Lakshmi loves a lotus flower. Therefore 'Padmapriye' (one who loves the lotus flower) is stated in Shrisukta. She is 'Dhavalataramshuka gandhamalya shobhe': wearing clean white clothes and scented flower garlands. What does Lakshmi's greatness consist in? She is 'Prajanam bhavani mata' (mother of all people), 'Vishwapriye' (one who loves the universe). A devotee prays to her thus: 'Pradurbhootosmi Rashtresmin Kirtivriddhim dadatu me' (I am a citizen born in this country. Grant me fame and wealth). 'Vasa me grihe'(Reside in my house).Ayushmantam Karotu me' (Enable me to live long). It is said thus of the benefit obtained by reciting Shrisukta and getting the grace of Lakshmidevi:'Na krodho na cha matsaryam na lobho na shubha matih' (they do not get angry. Devoid of envy, not greedy, they do not think evil). In addition those who praise Lakshmi live long. Their health is good. They will lead a glorious life. Such and other benefits are derived, it is stated, from praying to Lakshmi. Goddess Of Auspiciousness Lakshmi is the goddess ofauspiciousness. She is always with her husband Lord Narayana. She is the pinnacle of chastity. When Vishnu assumed separate incarnations, she also took birth tobecome his wife. For example, in the incarnation as Rama, Lakshmi became Sita; in the incarnation as Krishna, she was born as Rukmini. According to ancient legends, she resides in the chest of Vishnu. There fore, Vishnu is called Srinivasa. One in whom 'Sri' (Lakshmi) resides is Srinivasa. Lakshmi is worshipped with the names of Mahalakshmi, Varamahalakshmi, Dhanalakshmi and Amritalakshmi during observance of religious rites. Friday is the most auspicious day for, worshipping Lakshmi. Even among Fridays, the Fridays of the month of Ashadha are considered best. Varamahalakshmi religious rites are observed on the Friday in the month of Shravana. On Thursdays in the month of Margashirsha also special Lakshmi - poojas are observed. Dhanalakshmi is worshipped on new moon day in the month of Ashwayuja. It is said that wherever there arekingdoms, wealth, fame and prosperity derived by the grace of Lakshmi, their Lakshmi settles down. There are numerous tales in legends where the wealth bestowed by Lakshmi, in appreciation of worship, is Itself considered as Lakshmi. Although she has been staying with Vishnu from time immemorial, there are stories telling when she was born and when she incarnated. Let us get to know some of these stories. Bhargavi Sage Bhrigu was Vishnu's devotee. He had married kardama's daughter Khyati. In answer to the prayer of that couple, Lakshmi was born as their daughter. Because she was the daughter of Bhrigu, she got the name 'Bhargavi'. 'Samudratanaya' As Lakshmi was born in Ksheerasamudra she got the name Samudratanaya (Daughter of the Sea). The story of this is as follows: Sage Durvasa was a great ascetic. Once he was walking along holding in his hand a garland of flowers called Santanaka. Devendra who was coming from the opposite direction riding Airavata ignored him. He threw the garland given byDurvasa on Airavata, which threw it on the ground and trampled upon it. Durvasa lost his temper and cursed: "The pride of wealth has entered your head. Let Lakshmi forsake you." Then Indra realized his folly. He bowed to Durvasa and sought his pardon. Durvasa said, "Sri Vishnu will do you good," and left. On account of Durvasa's curse, Lakshmi left Indra and went away. BecauseLakshmi the goddess of power, bravery,enthusiasm and radiance left, Devendra's life became miserable. The demons that were waiting for such an opportunity invaded heaven, defeated Indra and gods in war and occupied heaven. Indra lost his kingdom and hid out of sight of the demons. "Chrun The Sea" A number of years passed. Indra's teacher Brihaspati thought of finding a way out for Indra's troubles. He went with the gods to Brahma, who went to Vishnu with all of them and put forth the appeal of the gods. Then Vishnu said: ‘Don't fear, I will show you a way out. The sea of milk must be churned. It is a very difficult job. Therefore, gain the friendship of the demons and get their assistance. Use Mandara Mountain as a churning rod and Vasuki, the king of the serpents, as a rope. I will come to your assistance at the proper time. When the sea is churned ambrosia will be produced. Let the gods drink it and become immortal. They will then attain superb strength. It will then be possible for you to defeat the demons. When the sea is churned, Lakshmi who has disappeared will appear again. Her grace will be bestowed on you." He consoled the gods and arranged for the churning of the sea. Obstacles Brihaspati was very clever. He met the demons, managed cleverly to bring about friendship between them and the gods and arranged to make them churn the milky sea. The demons agreed in the hope of getting ambrosia and wealth. They all gathered, carried the Mandara Mountain and dipped it in the sea of milk. They tied Vasuki, the king of snakes, as a rope. The demons at one end and gods at the other end held Vasuki and commenced churning the sea. At that time the Mandara Mountain sank into the sea. Then Narayana took the body of a boar and brought to the surface the Mountain, which was at the bottom of the sea. Mandara was hoisted on the back of the boar and was floating. While churning Thus, first 'Kalakuta,' a dreadful poison, was produced. Everybody was frightened by its fierceness. Then, as requested by the gods, Shiva was pleased to drink that poison. The black colour of the poison left a mark on Shiva's neck. Therefore Shiva was named 'god with a black spot on the neck'. In otherworlds Lord Shiva got an another name; ie - Neelakanta. Lakshmi Appears After that, due to Vishnu's encouragement, gods and demons continued churning the sea. Then a horse by name Uchaishravas, Kalpavriksha having the power to grant what is wished, Kamadhenu and other celestial articles took shape. When the sea continued to be churned the Apsara damsels were born. After that a surprising spectacle appeared. In the midst of the waves of the sea of milk, a goddess with heavenly looks came into view. She was standing on a fully blossomed lotus. Wearing a lotus garland in the neck, she was holding a lotus in her hand. Her appearance was most attractive. She, who was radiantly smiling, was Lakshmidevi herself. The sages began reciting hymns in praise of her. Gandharvas sang. Apsaras danced. The elephants on either side sprinkled sacred holy Ganga water on the goddess and bathed her. Because the elephants sprinkled holy water on her, she acquired the name of Gaja lakshmi. Because she was born in the sea of milk, she was called Samudratanaya. The king of the sea appeared in his natural form and comforted Lakshmi as a daughter. He presented her with attractive clothes and jewels. He handed to her a garland of lotus flowers. While everybody was looking in surprise, Lakshmi put the garland around the neck of Vishnu and occupied hischest. When she looked at Indra kindly, he acquired an extraordinary radiance. Thereafter Dhanvantari emerged from the sea. Dhanvantrai is the doctor of gods. He had a sacred pot in his hand. There was ambrosia in it. When it became known the demons ran forward and snatched the Pot. Then there was fighting between the gods and the demons. At that time Vishnu appeared disguised as Mohini. As she was handsome, the demons looked at her in surprise. Mohini came near them and said: "Do not quarrel for ambrosia. If you agree, I will myself serve ambrosia. You sit in two rows." All agreed. The demons sat in one row and the gods in another. By sleight- of- hand Mohini served intoxicating drinks to the demons and ambrosia to the gods. The demons who were enamoured of her charm did not notice the trick played on them. The gods drank ambrosia and became immortal. They became free from fear of death. The demons came to know afterwards that they had been deceived. They started a war. The gods who had gained strength by consuming ambrosia defeated the demons and drove them away. Mother of the Universe Lakshmi's greatness has been well- expressed in books like Vishnupurana. She, the wife of Vishnu, is herself representative of Vishnu's power.Excellent articles and valuable things are said to be the abode of Lakshmi and Narayana. Devendra praised Lakshmi thus: "0 Goddess, we bow to you, Mother of the Universe. You are the means for the fulfillment of all work. You purify the universe. Wealth and intelligence are bestowed by you, You are also Sarswati the embodiment of all knowledge. You are the self- education,which results in salvation. 0 Mahadevi, wife, children, house, friend, money and corn are all acquired by disciples by a glance from you. 0 Mother, you and your husband Narayana have encompassed the world. People have health of body and happiness by your kindness. You are the mother of the univere, Vishnu is the father. 0 goddess, bereft of your kindness, people will lose strength, cleanliness, virtue and the good characteristics. All these are obtained by your grace. Mother, never abandon us." Then Lakshmi said: "Indra, I am pleased at your devotion. Seek any boon you desire." Said Indra: "Goddess, if I have deserved your kindness, do not go away abandoning me. Apart from that, bless those who recite devotedly every day the prayer I just recited." Lakshmidevi said, "Be it so," and disappeared. The prayer recited by Indra is contained in the sea-churning story of Vishnupurana. Lakshmi's influence covers manybranches of knowledge. Speech, morality, wisdom, satisfaction, music, religious offering, brilliance, wealth, strength, creation, river, cattle - all these have their source inLakshmi. The legends state that all women of the world are forms of Lakshmi. At the time of marriage, our people honor the bride and the bridegroom as having the appearance of Lakshmi-Narayana. Lakshmi- nirisimha What is the reason for linking Lakshmi with Nrisimha or Narasimha? There is a story behind it. The story of Prahlada is well known. Prahlada was the son of Hiranyakashipu was wicked and cruel. He hated Vishnu. He was proudly proclaiming that he himself was the God. Prahlada was of a peaceful disposition and a devotee of Vishnu. On observing Prahlada's devotion to Vishnu, Hiranyakashipu was intolerant and tried to punish him severely.Then, to save Prahlada, Vishnu emerged from a pillar, assumed the body of terrible Narasimha, stepped out and killed Hiranyakashipu. Because Hiranyakashipu had put Prahlada to countless difficulties, Narasimha was angry. Even after killing Hiranyakashipu his anger did not subside. Gods were help- less. They sang in praise of him to pacify him. Vishnu was unmoved. The gods prayed to Lakshmi: "Mother, you yourself pacify this terrible anger of Narasimha." Lakshmi stood before Narasimha and prayed: "Honorable sir, why are you so angry? Hiranyakashipu has been killed. Your devotee Prahlada is now safe. Please calm down." Narasimha became calm. He looked handsome with Lakshmi. When terrible Narasimha became Lakshminarasimha, his appearance became gentle. Thus, to represent a gentle-mannered Nrisimha, the name Lakshminarasimha is used in practice. Prahlada was a virtuous, righteous boy. Virtue means good character and good behavior. With the help of virtue the three worlds fell into his hands. Indra became sad, went to his teacher Brihaspati and narrated his difficulty. Said Brihaspati: Indra, Rajyalakshmi will reside in a place of virtue. You did not maintain your virtue. Prahlada is a virtuous man. Therefore he secured heaven." "Then tell me the nature of virtue," requested Indra. Brihaspati told him a few precepts and asked him to go to Shukra- charya if he wanted to know more. Indra went to Shukracharya and requested him to explain virtue. Shukracharya briefly described virtue and said: "Prahlada knows well the real nature of virtue. He knows it and practises it. Please ask him."Indra disguised himself as a Brahmin, went to Prahlada and requested him to expound the nature of virtue. Accepting him as a teacher, he was rendering service to Prahlada. After sometime Prahlada was pleased and explained fully the nature of virtue. Prahlada had full control over his body, conquered anger and maintained good behavior. Indra was convinced that it was only due to virtue that Prahlada got the kingdom of heaven. Indra then decided that he could not hope to get the kingdom of heaven unless Prahlada was diverted from the path of virtue. One day Prahlada, pleased about Indra's enthusiasm and devotion, said: "Dear Brahmin, I admire your devotion. What do you want? Make a request and I will grant it." Indra who was waiting for such an opportunity and he said:'Will you give whatever I ask for?" Said Prahlada: "Sure as anything, I will give it. I have never uttered a lie." Then Indra sought a boon: "Maharaja, make me a gift of your virtue." Bound by his promise, Prahlada said: "All right. I hereby gift to you my virtue." The question here arises: How to give away virtue? What is meant by saying that Prahlada made a gift of virtue is - Teacher Prahlada blessing Indra always to be virtuous, and Prahlada agreeing not to be always bound by righteousness and further that he is prepared to tread theunrighteous way if necessity arises; on the whole, losing his firm resolve regarding virtue. Indra gladly walked away. On the other side Prahlada was sorry and afraid. "For a long time I have led a virtuous and righteous life. I have now been unfaithful to it," he grieved. Suddenly, a super-brilliance came out of his body and formed a separate body. Asked Prahlada: "Who are you?" In answer the man of the super- brilliance said, "I am the god of virtue. You forsook me. You have given me as a gift to that Brahmin. In future I will stay with that Brahmin," and vanished. Likewise, righteousness and truth appeared in the form of a man and left him. Then a heap of brilliance appeared to flow out of Prahlada's body. A goddess was seen in front of him. When Prahlada asked 'Who are you?" That goddess said: "Prahlada, I am Lakshmidevi. I am to be found where there are virtue,righteousness and truth." Then Prahlada asked: "Goddess, you are Lakshmi the goddess of the world. Why do you want to go away from me? Who was that Brahmin who was serving me?" Then Lakshmi informed him that Indra himself had come in the guise of a Brahmin, and walked away. Within a few days, Indra was against Prahlada in a war. Prahlada looted the kingdom of heaven. By the grace of Lakshmi, Indra again became the king of heaven. From these stories we learn the moral: Lakshmi resides in those who uphold virtue, righteousness and truth. Lakshmi forsakes those who give up good conduct. There is another such story. Prahlada' son was Virochana. His son was emperor Bali. Being a very powerful man, he defeated Devendra and took possession of heaven. As stated earlier, gods became strong by drinking the ambrosia produced during the churning of the sea. Then Indra defeated emperor Bali -and took possession of heaven again. Bali went into hiding. Once when Devendra had come to the banks of the Ganga, he saw sage Narada also there. Indra went near and saluted Narada. When both had enquired about the welfare of each other, as it was morning, they observed religious rites of the morning. By that time the sun's orb appeared brightly in the east. Both Indra and Narada were looking at the sun's orb and were offering prayer. At that time a radiant goddess was seen in the sky. She was adorned with a pearl necklace and holding a lotus in her hand. While Indra and Narada were looking in wonder, that goddess came down from the sky and approached them. Devendra and Narada saluted her and eulogised her. Indra addressed her: "0 Goddess, who are you? What is the reason for your coming here?" Said she: Indra, I am Dhanalakshmi. Everybody in this world tries to seek my favor. I reside in righteous people. The demons were so far righteous; their king Bali was virtuous. I was residing in him. Now, as all of them are unrighteous and devoid of virtue, I have abandoned them and come here to live with you." Indra devotedly saluted her and requested: "0 Mother, kindly tell me the places in which you wish to stay." Then Lakshmi said: "I admire the brave and those who show determination to do any work undertaken by them satisfactorily. I stay in the houses of person that pursue education devotedly, those who serve their teacher, and devotees of God. I bless those who have conquered anger, people who are not envious, those who take pity on others in difficulties and help them. I do not approach lazy, short-tempered and ambitious people. I stay away from people whose houses are not clean, and who are lazy. I love people who are clean, virtuous and hard-working." There are some stories connected with incarnations of Lakshmi. Lakshmi Is Symbolic Of Virtue, Righteousness And Truth A long time ago there was a king by name Rathadhwaja. In his family, worship of Lakshmi had a long tradition. The king gave up the worship of Lakshmi due to in difference. Consequently he lost the grace of Lakshmi. The enemies invaded with an army. Rathadhwaja was defeated in war and lost the kingdom. He had two sons Kushadhwaja and Dharmadhwaja. They felt sorry for their father's mistake. They observed rigorous penance, meditating for Lakshmi. When she appeared theyprayed: "Bless us so that we get back ourkingdom. Grant us a favor by being born as our daughter." Lakshmi granted the boons. They bravely fought, won the kingdom again and were living happily. Malavati was the name of Kushadhwaja's wife. Goddess Lakshmi, in fulfillment of the boon granted by her, Entered the womb of Malavati in subtle form and was born as a daughter. It is said that even at the time of birth she was Reciting Vedic verses clearly. Therefore, the parents named her 'Vedavati'. Kushadhwaja looked after her and brought her up with great affection. Vedavati grew up to be a beautiful, virtuous girl. She came of age. Both gods and demons came forward to wed her. She did not accept anybody. She went away to Pushkara, a place of pilgrimage and under ' took a rigorous penance praying for Vishnu's becoming her husband. The penance dragged on for a long time. One day a voice from heaven was heard: "Vedavati, you have to be born again. In your next birth, Vishnu will also be- born and he will become your husband." Even then, Vedavati continued her penance without losing heart. Ravana was in an aeroplane and in course of travel came there. Thinking that a guest had come to the hermitage, Vedavati was hospitable to him. Then Ravana asked her about her life. Vedavati said: "I am the daughter of king Kushadhwaja. My name is Vedavati. I have undertaken a penancewith a view to getting Sriman Narayana himself to become my husband." On hearing this Ravana laughed derisively and said: "You, beautiful woman, should you, a young woman, observe penance? You talk about Narayana! Who is he? Has he as much wealth as I have? So strong? I am Ravana, king of Lanka. Marry me and be happy." Replied Vadavati: "Ravana, don't talk so. Narayana means the king of the universe, Vishnu. Should you abuse him? A big fool you are." Realizing that she was not amenable to persuasion, Ravana caught her head and dragged her by hair. Enraged Vedavati immediately sheared her hair with her hand. Due to the influence of penance her hand itself cut her hair like a sword. She turned to Ravana and said: "You scoundrel, are you compelling me? By your touch my body became tainted. Be looking on, now itself I will give up my body. I will take birth as the daughter of another righteous person and will myself be the cause for your death." Immediately she jumped into a burning fire in the hermitage and gave up her life. Ravana returned to Lanka griefstricken. Vedavati Vedavati was later born as a daughter of king Janaka. King Janaka named her Sita. At that time Dasharatha was ruling over Ayodhya. To his wife Kousalya, Vishnu was born and became famous as Sri Rama. He came with sage Vishwamitra to Janaka's capital and broke the bow given by Shiva. Then King Janaka, having admired Sri Rama's valour, gave Sitadevi in marriage to Sri Rama. When sometime passed, Sri Rama, as desired by his father, had to go to Dandakaranya with Sita and Lakshmana. While living there, Ravana decitfully took Sita to Lanka. Sri Rama went to Lanka with Sugreeva, Hanumanta and other monkey-warriors and invaded Lanka. In the terrible war that followed, Sri Rama killed Ravana. Thereafter, Sitadevi came to Ayodhya with Sri Rama and lived a happy life. This story is told in great detail in the Ramayana. Sita On the other side, Lakshmi was born to Dharmadhwaja's wife Madhavi.Her parents named her Tulasi. The child was very beautiful. She grew up to be virtuous. Later she married Vishnu. Vishnu told her: "You leave this body and stay with me. Let your body become a river by name Gandaki. I will became a Saligrama stone and will reside in Gandaki River. Let your hair grow into a plant, become famous as Tulasi and be worshipped by people. I love a garland of Tulasi petals." Tulasi's body flowed after becoming river Gandaki. Narayana became a stone and was residing in it. Tulasi plant was born from the hair of Tulasi and became sacred Tulasi On the other side, Lakshmi was born to Dharmadhwaja's wife Madhavi.Her parents named her Tulasi. The child was very beautiful. She grew up to be virtuous. Later she married Vishnu. Vishnu told her: "You leave this body and stay with me. Let your body become a river by name Gandaki. I will became a Saligrama stone and will reside in Gandaki River. Let your hair grow into a plant, become famous as Tulasi and be worshipped by people. I love a garland of Tulasi petals."Tulasi's body flowed after becoming river Gandaki. Narayana became a stone and was residing in it. Tulasi plant was born from the hair of Tulasi and became sacred. Rukmini There was a king by name Bhishmaka in the kingdom of Vidharbha. He had five sons by name Rukmi, Rukmaratha, Rukmabahu, Rukmakesha and Rukmamali. Sriman Narayana was born for killing Kamsa and with a view to establishing righteousness. When he was thus born as Krishna, Lakshmi was born as Rukmini, daughter of Bhismaka. She was beautiful and virtuous. Father Bhishmaka was not only god-fearing but had also great respect for Sri Krishna. He thought of giving Rukmini in marriage to Sri Krishna. But Bhishmaks’s first son Rukmi did not agree to it. He had joined a gang of wicked men formed by Shishupala and others. He brought pressure on his father to give sister Rukmini in marriage to Shishupala. As Rukmi was hating Sri Krishna he did not agree to have the relationship. Bhishmaka was not bold enough to ignore his advice. Rukmini's marriage with Shishupala was fixed. But Rukmini, having heard of Sri Krishna's good character and greatness, had mentally accepted him as herhusband. She sent a messenger to Dwaraka with the message that she would marry Krishna; and if that is not possible, she would give her life. Sri Krishna had already heared ofRukmin's character, virtue and beauty. He wished to marry her. Therefore, he immediately boarded a chariot and came to Bhishmaka's town. Balarama came to know that Sri Krishna went alone. Instantly he followed with a large army to help his brother. In the capital of Vidarbha all arrangements were being made for Rukmini's marriage. Shishupala had arrived with his friends Jarasandha, Salva, Paundraka and others. Balarama and Krishna also joined. Balarama had stationed his army far away outside the city. After sometime the marriage rituals commenced. Rukmini went with her entourage to the temple to worship Gowri. She worshipped Gowri and prayed: "Let only Sri Krishna become my husband." She was not aware of Sri Krishna's having come to the town. She was worried about what would happen. Rukmini completed worship of Gowri and came out of the temple. Instantly Sri Krishna brought his chariot, made her mount it and drove away towards Dwaraka. Jarasandha and others, when they came to know of this incident became angry and went after Sri Krishna. A terrible war was fought. Krishna and Balarama defeated all and set out to Dwaraka. Thereafter the marriage of Sri Krishna and Rukmini was celebrated grandly at Dwaraka. Rukmini was the senior queen. Pradyumna is Rukmini's son Padmavati Once the great sage Bhrigu went to heaven. Their Vishnu was sleeping on Adisesha. The sage became angry and kicked at Vishnu's chest. Then Vishnu got up and said: "0 sage, welcome to you! Excuse me. I do not know how much your foot should have been hurt because it touched my hard chest." He massaged his leg and comforted him. Sage Bhrigu was pleased. Saying, "You have comforted me without losing your temper even when kicked. You possess good nature, you are the best," he left. However, Narayana's wife Lakshmi was dissatisfied. "The sage kicked at the chest in which I reside! It means dishonoring me. Without punishing him my husband comforts him!" So thinking, she became angry. I cannot reside in this chest any more, she decided, and in disgust went to Kolhapur and settled. Even now the temple of Mahalakshmi at Kolhapur is famous. As Lakshmi left, Vishnu became sad. He went from Vaikuntha to Tirupati and settled in Venkatadri under the name of Venkatesha. Akasharaja, the king of Chola country, had no children. His teacher told him toperform a religious function to get children. The king agreed to it and he himself was ploughing the earth to level the ground. When the plough split the ground, a lotus with many petals came into view. A female child was lying in it. A voice was heard from heaven saying, "0 King, this girl is very fortunate. Bring her up considering her as your daughter." With pleasure the king gave the child to his queen Dharanidevi. The child was named 'Padmavati'. She was brought up with great affection. She grew up into a woman bright as the moon in the first phase of the month. One day when Padmavati was enjoying herself in the garden with her friends, Narada came there. Looking at Padmavati he said, "0 Mother, I know who you are. You are truly Lakshmi. As you could not bear the separation from Vishnu, you have been born thus and come here. He, in the form of Venkatesha, is suffering due to separation from you and living there.Within a few days you two will be married," and went away. Padmavati was attracted by Venkatesha one day when she was amusing herself in the garden. Venkatesha came there and saw her. They became acquainted and love grew between them.When Akasharaja came to know of this, he gladly agreed to their marriage. As desired by Vekatesha, Brahma and other gods attended the wedding. The marriage was celebrated magnificently. Because 'Sri' (Lakshmi) permanently settled down in Tirupati on Venkatesha's chest, he got the name 'Srinivasa.' Thus there are numerous stories about Lakshmi. Lakshmi has been worshipped by our ancestors as the goddess of wealth. By worshipping her our brilliance, liveliness and wealth increase. 0 lotus-seated Goddess! Shining in the midst of lotus flowers, Delighted in lotus flowers! Having eyes wide and beautiful like lotus petals, Beloved of the entire universe, favorable to every mind, May you place those lotus feet of yours on me!

Karikeya (murugar arogara)

KartikeyaIn Bharat, Ganesha is a very popular deity. The young and the old alike worship him. Like Ganesha, the other beloved son of Parvati is Kartikeya. He is a hero who even as a very young boy, became the commander of the army of the angels and killed wicked Rakshasas (demons) like Taraka.Kartikeya has several names. As he was breast-fed by six Karittika deities, he is called 'Kartikeya'. Since he has six faces, he is 'Shanmukha'. Because of his omniscience, he is 'Subrahmanya'. As he gathered a huge army to kill the demons, he is also called 'Mahasena'. Since he captained the army of the angels in the fight with the Rakshasas, he was given the title of 'Senani' or 'Commander'. Since he was born out of the life-source that slipped ('Skanna) from Shiva, he is named 'Skanda'. With the peacock as his mode of transport, he is 'Shikhivahana'. And he is always a young boy because of which he is 'Kumara'. This term also means that he is one who kills evil persons. And he is more handsome than Manmatha, the Gods of Love. He is worshipped as 'Guha' too, since he protects his devotees from enemies. He thus has a large number of names.For those who do great and good deeds for the welfare of the world and are considered Gods, it is no wonder that there are a hundred or even a thousand such names. Brahma, You Don't Know" Once in Kailasa Lord Shiva was in the divine assembly. All his angelic devotees had gathered there. There was divine music and the sound of musical instruments along with singing. Bhringi was dancing. Brahma, Indra and many others were all there. Kartikeya stood in front of Shiva. Shiva merely raised his eyebrows to stop the dance, looked at Kumara once and then at Brahma. The latter stood up. Everyone was looking at him. And Brahma said, "0 lord, you asked me to start the education of your son. And I accordingly in the early hours of the dawn tried to teach him the sacred 'Omkara'. All at once he held my hand and asked, 'What is the meaning of Om?'. 'Even before learning to write, you should not ask for the meaning,' I said. "Then, 0 lord Shiva, he scolded me and was about to beat me. He who killed Tarakasura on the seventh day after his birth certainly will not care for me! I was afraid and said I would explain the meaning. I explained the spiritual significance of the word 'Om' in twelve thousand verses. Still he was not satisfied and said, 'Brahmadeva, you don't know.' He is standing before you. You may yourself explain the meaning of 'Omkara' which is the Pranava. I do not know more than what I have already explained." What Of Shiva? Hearing from Brahma's words, Shiva nodded his head admiring his son's intelligence. He explained its significance in twelve lakh verses and then Kartikeya said, 'Father, it is wrong on my part to have said that Brahma did not know.' Shiva understood Kumara's sarcasm. He also felt a little angry that Kumara implied that he, Shiva, was also ignorant. Yet affection and pride welled up in him because the son was so intelligent. 'Then how many meanings are there for this Pranava?', asked Shiva. 'Twelve crores', Kumara replied. Shiva was wonder-struck at the wealth of knowledge Kumara possessed. With the feeling that this wealth of knowledge should result in the welfare of the world, he replied, "Beloved Kumara, take a birth on the earth, and by teaching the significance of Omkara to the humans, help them become higher beings." Kartikeya, as many believe, was born in a place called Shrikashi in Tamilnadu with the name of Tirujnanasambandhi. He preached the pursuit of higher knowledge, devotion to God and the path of virtue. Shiva had married Dalkshayani whose father, Daksha, hated him. Because of this dislike, Daksha did not invite his own daughter and son-in-Iaw to a sacrifice (yajna) which he performed. When Dakshayani went to the yajna by herself, he did not treat her with love and respect. Dakshayani, who felt humiliated, jumped into the fire and died. Later, she was born a daughter to Parvataraja. She had the name of Parvati. Parvati was determined to marry Shiva. But Shiva was performing severe penance at that time. Just then a wicked Rakshasa by name Taraka was causing a lot of trouble to the world. Who Is Taraka? Brahma's son was Marichi who had a son by name Kashyapa. Of the two wives Kashyapa had, Aditi gave birth to Indra and other angels. They lived in heaven. Kashyapa's other wife Diti gave birth to Daityas or Rakshasas (Demons). These were wicked persons and hated the angels. Vairanga was one of the sons of Diti. His wife was Varangi who bore him a son, Tarakasura. Another Rakshasa who was born to Diti married Surasa, also known as Maya. Their children were Shurapadma, Simhamukha and Ajamukhi. When Taraka was born, it appears, there were many terrible omens as if to indicate that he would cause a lot of trouble to the world. The whole earth trembled. A storm arose. The oceans were disturbed and the very mountains shook. Wild beasts made terrible sounds.These bad omens plunged all good men into grief. Taraka and Shurapadma grew up. They were very courageous and strong. Tarak became the Rakshasa Emperor in Shonitapura and similarly Shurapadma in Veeramahendra. 'If I Should Die-?' Taraka was determined to conquer the Devas (angels). It was not an easy task. It was a very difficult, even for an extra- ordinarily strong person like Taraka. So he resolved to propitiate Brahma, get a boon from him that there would be no death for him, and then challenge the Devas. So he began his tapas (penance) in, the Madhuvana forest. For some days he took only water as food. Later only the air was his sustenance. He continued his vigorous meditation in different ways. He stood in water. He stood only on the thumb of his foot. Later he supported himself on his hands on the ground and continued the penance with his feet upwards. The more delay there was in Brahma's appearance before him, the more rigorous did Taraka's tapas become. The flames generated by his tapas began to burn the worlds. Then Brahma manifested himself before Taraka. "Tarakasura, Srise. I am pleased with your penance. What do you want? Ask for the boon," Brahma said. Tarakasura opened his eyes. Right in front of him was Brahma standing. Taraka bent his head low and saluted him. "0 Lord, bless me that I will have no death," he asked. "Tarakasura, you should not ask for the impossible. Anyone born must die. A boon against this rule can never be given. Ask for anything else." Tarakasura began to reflect. If he asked that he should not die at all, Brahma would not give him that boon. But if he should ask that his death must come only in a particular way, it might be granted. Therefore I should ask that this death must happen under conditions that would be impossible. Then Brahma would surely grant it. And he, Taraka, would be an immortal. At that time Shiva was engrossed in a severe penance. For none would it be possible to disturb or distract his mind from the tapas. Hence, Shiva's marriage was impossibility. Therefore, if he, Taraka, should now ask that his death should come about only by a son of Shiva, that would be a very clever way. And Tarakasura thought further - I must be safe even if he marries and a son is born. Just an infant, even if it is Shiva's son, cannot do anything to me. So it would be very clever indeed to ask that my death should come about only by a child seven days old." Tarakasura prostrated again before Brahma and asked - "Lord, if then I must die, let me die from a son of Shiva, and when he is seven days old as a child." Brahma smiled. "So be it", he said, and with that blessing disappeared from the scene. Taraka was immensely happy that he had got a boon making him immortal. And now with his unbearable arrogance, Taraka threw all the three worlds into a fright. Indra was afraid of him and gave him his elephant Airavata. Kubera made over all his wealth. Wherever there were good things, all of them became Taraka's property. He drove out the angels from Heaven and appointed demons (Rakshasas) in their place. Everywhere thefts, murders and looting increased. The very deities of the Cardinal Directions became slaves and the Apsara damsels of Heaven became his maidservants. The angels were unable to bear the rampaging of Taraka and prayed to Brahma. Brahma knew that only a son born to Shiva could stop the wickedness of Tarakasura and till then none would be able to control or punish him. Yet he appeared before Taraka. Tarakasura, saluted Brahma and said, "Lord, you are so kind as to come to me. What is your command?" "Taraka, you are unequal in courage and in strength. But the' angels are in agony because of you. It is not possible for them even to live in there own world ofDevaloka. Don't harass them. Allow them to live in peace in Devaloka," Brahma advised. "Your wish will be obeyed," Tarakasura acquiesced. He left the Devaloka, for the angels and returned to Shonitapura. But his wickedness did not subside. He was proud that there was none to restrain him. The angels continued to be troubled by him, and continued to be in fear. Brahma told them, "There is only one way in which you can escape the trouble of Tarakasura. Only the son ofParameshwara can kill him. So Shiva must marry Parvati. You must so manage that Parameshwara sees Parvati and marries her." Kartikeya Is Born The angels were successful even in that difficult task. They so managed that Shiva set his eyes upon Parvati and was pleased with the penance and devotion of Parvati. He married her. In course of time, on the sixth day of first half of the month of Margashira, Parvati gave birth to a son. Hence, that day is known as 'Skanda Shashti'. Even at birth Kartikeya had the divine weapons of Shakti, Shoola and Mahastra in his hands. Hearing of his birth, the Krittika angels came and fondled him. They nourished him with their breast- feeding. The Commander Kartikeya was after all the son of Shiva. So it did not take long for him to become strong and powerful. His body developed rugged strength in a few days. There was a remarkable brightness about him. His intelligence was immense. Valor and virtue were combined in him. All knowledge and the power of expression came to him very soon.Everyone who saw him felt a thrill and a delight. There were festival everyday in Kailasa, the abode of Shiva and Parvati. God Brahma himself performed the early rituals like Jatakarma to Kumara. Shiva and Parvati blessed Kumara saying that he should kill the wicked and protect Dharma and righteous- ness. Shiva made Kumara sit on a throne studded with gems, and, anointing him with the sacred waters of holy rivers declared him the commander of the army of angels. On that occasion the different deities and angels made gifts of various powerful weapons and mystic powers to Kartikeya. The Sun God presented him with a chariot, which had the speed of thought. Yama, the Lord of the Netherworld, gave him Danda. Agni the Fire God gave him theMahashakti and Aruna gave Kartikeya the Kukkuta bird symbolizing the eternity of time. The Kukkuta or the cock became Kartikeya's pennant also. And he rode on thepeacock. Shiva sent Kartikeya with all other angels to kill Tarakasura. They all started from Kailasa. Meanwhile, the divine architect Tvashta had built a city near the silver mountain Rajatadri for Kartikeya. The city had in it a palace, which contained a big assembly hall and a throne in it. Mahavishnu made Kartikeya sit on that throne and in a grand festival declared hi m the master of the entire universe. Kumara now became the Protector of the Universe. A Warning To Tarakasura A huge army of the angels was formed under the command of Kartikeya for the elimination of Tarakasura. The war cries of the soldiers and the thundering sounds of drums and other war-like instruments echoed from all directions. Before declaring war, it is an accepted convention to send messages asking to the enemy to follow moral principles and come to terms for peace. Likewise, Indra sent a messenger to Tarakasura.The messenger told Tarakasura, 'You have done great injustice to the world. Indra, the Lord of all three worlds, is coming now to kill you. If you have a love of life, then make your peace with him. Or else, you must get ready to face the war." Taraka's anger knew no bounds. "Fool, get out of my presence," scolded Taraka and made him run away. Has Shiva's Son Come? Taraka was surprised that a messenger like that should come and irritate him. So he thought within himself, I have seen this fellow, Indra's strength so many times. He has so often been beaten by me, so often fallen down and eaten the dirt on that ground, fallen so heavily that even grass could not he grow there later. Because of my great-grandfather Brahma's words and out of pity, I had left the Devaloka to him. And now he exhibits such pride! But how could he get this courage? Of late I have also had a series of ill omens. My left eye has been fluttering. And so much of dirt rises up in the sky. And there are the ugly shouts of wild beasts. Blood has rained from the skies. These ill omens must mean something. A son must have been born to Shiva. It must be only because of that, that Indra shows something like courage." Engrossed in thought, Tarakasura went up the steps and from the high terrace of his palace, looked around scanning the far-off horizon. Then he heard the war cries of the army of the angels, like a distant thunder. He saw a huge army marching on him with all its four divisions, namely, the elephant - borne wing, the chariots, the cavalry and the Infantry.The martial music with different types of drums and trumpets could be heard from a distance. Right in the middle of the marching army, the great hero Kartikeya sat in a bright chariot covered in a white canopy and equipped with all weapons. A saffron pennant with the symbol of a cock fluttered atop the advancing chariot. Taraka now knew that it was the son of Shiva coming to confront him. He remembered the boon he had asked of Brahma and obtained. He was shaken, thinking that his end was near. But he did not want to show any fear before his men and pretended to be unaffected. He sent for the commanders of his army and asked them to make all preparations for the war. The Rakshasa army marched forward like the surging waves of the ocean Who Should Stop Taraka? The Angels and the Demons stood prepared for the war, with their armies in definite formations. The fight began. Spears and swords, bows and arrows, clubs, axes and rope-slings were all employed as well as many other varieties of weapons. Duels, wrestling, fights with army formations at close quarters - all such methods were used in the terrific battle. Thousands lay dead on the battle field and several thousand others were wounded. The field was crisscrossed with streams of blood. Indra, the king of the angels, fought with Taraka and was defeated. Veerabhadra engaged Taraka in a severe encounter for a long time. Then with determination to defeat the enemy, Mahavishnu himself fought with Taraka. But he fellunconscious, hit by the 'Shakti' weapon of Taraka. Recovering quickly yet, he roared like a lion and felled Taraka with his 'Chakra' or the wheel- weapon . Taraka stood up again and it seemed an unending fight between equals. Taraka Is Killed Brahma, the creator, was watching the terrible fight. Seeing the defeat and the distress of the angels, he told Kartikeya, "0 son of Shiva, Taraka cannot be killed by any but you. You must at once dispatch him." All the angels joined Brahma in that prayer. Now Kartikeya himself marched on the foe. Small in size, he yet appeared fearless and frightening to the enemies. He confronted Taraka whom, brandishing a sword, shouted to the angels, "You cowards! You have brought this tender boy to face me. Are you not ashamed? Where is your entire valor? Are even Indra,Vishnu and Shiva so naive? Unable themselves to do anything, they have sent this child to fight with me, like pushing a calf into the tiger's mouth! I am certain to kill this boy. But as a great demon like me this is certainly a sinful deed. Taraka then turned to Kartikeya and said - "Look here, boy, you are still so young. If you want the pleasure of a fight, get it from your friends in a game or by wrestling. Go back, and if you wish, send your father to fight me."Kartikeya replied - "Listen, Taraka. True, am young. But my valor is not young. Can darkness persist before even the morning sun? A small spark can destroy the vast forest. The mysterious and spiritual sound 'OM' is just one letter, but its significance is immense. The quality of heroes is to fight on the battlefield with weapons. But you are talking like a mad man. Stop your prattle." The two then engaged in a terrible fight. Both now took up the 'Shakti' weapon. The boy divine, also called Shanmukha because of his six faces, fell down once, with Taraka's ferocious blow. But he rose at once and like an angry lion attacked Taraka, bringing him flat on the ground. When Taraka got up again, all the angels trembled in fear. When again they began the fight, the very air was stilled. The sun became dull and the earth had tremors. Even the mountain- gods like Himavanta, who had come to see Kartikeya in action, were afraid. But Kumara gave them courage. He offered his obeisance to his parents, Shiva and Parvathi, in his mind and as everyone was gazing, he lifted the trident transferring all strength and power to his little hands and hit Taraka on the chest with it. Blood spread out like a stream, the demon's chest getting split. Taraka, the powerful Rakshasa, of whom all were in fear, fell down dead. Rakshasa Army Is Razed Now the angels were in high spirits. With renewed courage they killed many of the Rakshasas. Some Rakshasas fled, and some others begged to be spared. The angels in joy brought down a rain of flowers. Learning that Kumara had killed Taraka, Shiva went there with Parvati, and both blessed and caressed the son. The women of heaven came down to perform 'Aarati' to Kumara. There was divine music and the sages chanted Vedic hymns in blessing. Kartikeya later came to know that Krauncha and Banasura, two Rakshasa followers of Taraka, who had both, run away after the war, were troubling people near the mountains. Even from where he was, Kartikeya shot arrows and killed them. Another demon Pralamba was teasing Adishesha's son Kumuda, who prayed to Kartikeya in his pain. Kartikeya meditated on Shiva and sent his 'Shakti' weapon. The invincible weapon killed Pralamba, destroyed his army also and returned to Kartikeya. Thus Kartikeya destroyed the wicked Rakshasas who troubled the world. All good people admired and worshipped him. He helped the angels to remain in their place happily. Then he returned to his city near Kailasa. One More EvilThough the angels were freed from a lot of harassment with the death of Taraka, their happiness and peace were short-lived. There was that other Rakshasa, Shura- padma, as strong as Taraka himself. He lived in the city called Veeramahendra. He had married Padmakomala, the daughter of Vishwakarma, the architect of the angels. He had sons by name Bhanukopa, Agnimukha, Hiranyaka, Vajrabahu and others who were all valiant and wicked. He had brought for them brides from among the Devas, Rakshasas, Gandharvas, Siddhas, Vidyadharas, humans and Nagas and made the Rakshasa group increases and multiplies. And all those members of the community were harassing good men, doing wicked deeds and spreading injustice and vice. Even as people felt a little relieved that at last Tarakasura had died and they had escaped his oppression, the torture by Shurapadma and his clan began. Who could put an end to this now? The sage Narada thought that Kartikeya, who had killed the wicked Taraka, should himself destroy Shurapadma too. So Narada, singing the praise of the Lord as usual, went to the city of Veera- mahendra. He told Shurapadma- "Indra's wife Shachidevi is a gem among women. If you are able to bring her and keep her with you for yourself, then you would also have avenged the death of your brother Taraka at the hands of Kartikeya, as planned by Indra." Narada knew that tendering good advice to the wicked Rakshasas was useless. Such Rakshasas had to be provoked into further evil deeds so that they would be destroyed by their own sins. This was the method followed by Narada. Shurapadma with his Rakshasa qualities felt that the advice of the sage was a favor to him. He began efforts to capture Shachidevi. Assault On Indra's Heaven Shurapadma resolved to march on Indra's Heaven with his Rakshasa army. His son Bhanukopa came and said, "Father, please permit me to go to Heaven with the army. I will crush the opposing angels and fetch Shachi." Shurapadma agreed and the Rakshasa hordes marched on Devaloka, the Heaven of the angels under Indra. Indra was really afraid because he already had a taste of the prowess of Tarakasura. He had heard that Shurapadma was mightier than Tarakasura. He consulted his minister and priest, Brihaspathi, as to what he should do. Unknown to any, Indra, with his consort Shachi, came to a forest called Shrikashi near Chidambaram. The angels were distraught because they could not see their king Indra and did not know where he had gone. Brihaspati consoled them and made Jayanta, the son of Indra, the leader of the angels. He also ordered that preparations be started, for the angels to confront Shurapadma and fight. Angel's Are Defeated The Rakshasa army attacked the kingdom of the angels. The wicked Rakshasas forcibly entered every home, dragged and molested the women and snatched their jewels. They mercilessly killed thechildren. They beat everyone they saw, shouting, "Show us your Indra." "Where is Shachi?" they shouted, and beat up the angels further. They rampaged and spoiled the beautiful gardens of Heaven and set fire to houses. The army of the angels opposed the Rakshasa hordes. Commanders like Bhanuka and Renuka fought and were defeated. Jayanta came to the battlefield and fought bravely. But Bhanukopa vanquished him and took him captive. Though the angels' kingdom of Heaven was searched thoroughly, Indra and Shachi could nowhere be found. Bhanukopa looted great wealth from Heaven and having it carried by the captive angels, returned to the capital city of Veeramahendra. Assurance To Angels Brihaspati and the other angels came to the forest near Shrikashi and told Indra of the plundering of Heaven by the Rakshasas. Indra and Shachi were greatly pained. Indra left Shachi in the protection of Shastara, the presiding deity of that forest, and went with Brihaspati and the other angels to Bramha. All of them then went to Shiva. Shiva gave them his assurance - "All of you may for the time being be in the safety of the Kakachala Mountain near the Rajatadri Peak. I will see that Shurapadma is killed by Kartikeya, and remove your troubles." Accordingly all the angels went there. Ajamukhi's Trick Shurapadma's sister Ajamukhi declared that she would find out where Shachi was hiding, and started out with her brother's permission. She found it out with her cleverness. Disguising herself as an angel, she talked to Shachi. She told her, "Come with me, we shall go to Shurapadma's palace. You will be happy there." But Shachi did not agree. Ajamukhi then threatened her. Those who were guarding Shachidevi caught hold of Ajamukhi and cut off her hands. She began to shout and roar in pain and anger, and ran to her brother. Indra took Shachidevi to Kakachala and left her there in safety. Shurapadma became sorrowful and angry at the fate of his sister. I will teach a lesson to these angels. I will properly avenge your humiliation," he thundered. He rounded up the angels, beat them and imprisoned them. He then went to Shrikashi forest and searched for Indra and Shachi. They were nowhere to be seen. In a rage, he destroyed that forest. Shiva's Order Shiva, after his assurance to the angels, sent for Kartikeya and asked him to destroy the Rakshasas in order to protect Dharma (righteousness) in the world. In deference to the father's instruction, and also getting his mothees blessings, Kartikeya assembled the troops of the angels. Preparations were made to besiege the city of Veeramahendra. Veerabahu, one of the heroes in Kartikeya's army, went to Shurapadma to persuade him to come to the path of virtue. He defeated all the Rakshasas who obstructed him and entered the royal court of Shurapadma. "0 Rakshasa king", he said, "Before Kartikeya, who has killed Taraka, your bravery will not be of any use. If you face him, he will certainly kill you. Therefore release all the angels. Do not indulge in injustice; do not cause cruelty to the world. Promise not to be unrighteous, and be obedient to Kartikeya." But can wicked people be reformed by words of morality? Shurapadma was enraged. He sent a thousand of his wicked soldiers to kill Veerabahu. But Veerabahu killed all those soldiers with his valor. Kartikeya then declared, "Tomorrow I will myself kill Shurapadma." The night was over. Next morning Kartikeya marched leading the huge army of the angels for the encounter. The army attacked Veeramahendra City. The Fight Shurapadma was seated in his court. A messenger rushed in and informed him that Kartikeya's army had laid siege to the city. "Has a flock of sheep come to fall into the mouth of the roaring hungry lion? It's very good then. Come, March on for the war," said Shurapadma. All his brothers, sons and other Rakshasa heroes stood up. Each one uttered words of impressive valor, like - "An elephant is not needed to defeat dogs. I can crush all those angels." Shurapadma gave them his consent, and they marched on the enemy. Bhanukopa was in the lead. Shanmukha asked Veerabahu to engage him. It was a bitter battle. Arrows with the mystic power of the 'mantras' were used. In the end Veerabahu pierced Bhanukopa with a spear and killed him. Thousands of Rakshasa heroes including Shurapadma's other sons and brothers also died. "My Goat Is Missing" Once a person by name Narada came to Kartikeya and said, "0 Lord, I was performing the sacred 'Ajamedha' sacrifice. But the 'ajar' (goat) which is to be killed and offered as sacrifice has disappeared. I have searched in vain. Some angels or Rakshasas must have taken it away. The sacrificial rites have come to a halt. You are the protector of all sacrifices and the Lord of the Universe. You are the son of Shiva, the highest deity in any sacrifice. You protect those who are supplicants and fulfil the desires of all virtuous persons. Please get back for me that goat so that my ritual may be completed." Kartikeya sent Veerabahu, one of heroes, to search for Narada's goat. There was no sign of that goat anywhere in the world. Then Veerabahu went to Vaikunta, the world of Mahavishnu, and found it there. He learnt that as ordered by Vishnu, his men had taken the goat there to protect its life. Veerabahu brought the goat to Kartikeya. But Kartikeya kept quiet, without immediately handing over the goat to Narada. Yajna With No Killing Thereupon Narada requested again and said, "Lord, please get me my goat. I will make a sacrificial offering of it and complete my yajna." "Look, the killing of any animal," Kartikeya told him, "is not correct, for performing any Yajna (sacrifice). The Vedas, which are our ancient religious texts, do not prescribe it. Any yajna has to beperformed in a non-violent manner. The word 'Aja', which stands for a goat, also means that which is not born, meaning rice. So 'Ajamedha' is the Yajna wherein boiled rice is offered to the fire-god, Agni. So complete your Yajna eschewing violence. Then you will get the full credit and profit from the sacrifice." Narada accepted this learned exposition of the Yajna. He took the goat with Kartikeya's permission, but did not kill it, and brought it up. He performed his Yajna in a non-violent manner and set an ideal for the future generations. For The Well-Being Of The World Among the boys who displayed extra- ordinary courage and heroism for the welfare of the world, the very first one was Kartikeya. Even as a child he was an unparalleled hero. He destroyed the wicked, protected the virtuous and upheld 'Dharma' or the path of virtue. His learning was unequalled. He also brought into vogue the performance of sacrifices without the killing of animals. The temples of the deity Subrahmanya are seen in many places in our country. "Subrahmanya Shashti", or the sixth day of a particular fortnight in the Hindu almanac, is a sacred day for Hindus. A very large number of devotees offer special worship on the "Shashti" days.The great seer Sankara- charya has composed a hymn in Sanskrit language in praise of Subrahmanya. It is called the "Subrahmanya Bhujanga Stotra". By killing the wicked Rakshasas Taraka and Shurapadma, Kartikeya demonstrated that however strong and intelligent the wicked may be, they will finally be punished and vanquished. Tarakasura was so proud thinking that he had obtained a boon from Brahma with such cleverness and there could be no death for him. Evil can prosper for sometime and seem to win. But its final defeat and destruction are inevitable. This truth has been upheld in our mythology in various ways and in the rise and fall of many personages.